English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
435310
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557080
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
South Hylton
Description
A brick field is marked on early Ordnance Survey maps west of Pottery Lane, South Hylton.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Brick field, west of Pottery Lane, South Hylton.
Site Name
South Hylton, brickfield
Site Type: Specific
Brickfield
HER Number
2646
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2646 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
DAY2
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
435420
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
07
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557120
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
South Hylton
Description
Low Ford Pottery, also known as Dawson's Pottery, worked from c.1794 to 1864. The Low Ford Pottery was acquired by John Dawson in the 1790s. In addition to pottery-making technology, the works contained a watermill and other mills for the grinding and preparation of flints and lead for use in glazing. It produced "brownware", "creamware" and tiles. In 1836 new buildings were erected in the dene leading down to the river, and using new machinery and Devon clay, the pottery gained a reputation as the finest on the Wear. However, with the death of John Dawson in 1848, at the age of 88, the management of the firm fell into disarray and both the earthenware and tile producing plants were sold and eventually closed in the 1860s. The works reopened for a short while as South Hylton Bottle Works, but were out of use, this time permanently, by 1877. Now only the name ‘Pottery Lane’ survives to mark the site of Dawson's Pottery, although recent episodes of archaeological work in the area have found deposits of discarded pottery from the works at depths of up to 3 metres.
SITEASS
A watching brief during the construction of a new interceptor sewer in 1998 at NZ 3536 5725 to NZ 3550 5728 revealed a layer of pottery fragments almost 3m below modern ground level. The pottery included glazed machine-made pottery fragments, mostly bowl bases of coarse tableware and some porcelain. There were a number of ceramic separators which supported and divided stacked pieces of pottery in kilns to prevent them fusing together. This layer was interpreted as discarded material from Low Ford Pottery which stood slightly to the east. The borehole report of this site describes a layer of tile fragments below the pottery. This appears to relate to the coarse earthenware made at the pottery before it took up the production of porcelain in the 1820s and 30s. A contractor found a 'ring' in the deposit containing the pottery fragments. It was made of dull pewter-like metal, the size of a small finger-ring. It had the motif of interlocking hearts and a central cross on it and a bulb-like projection from the inner side of the ring resembling a small handle. It is tentatively interpreted as a stamp from the Low Ford Pottery, which would have been used to apply a trademark. A watching brief along another stretch of the sewer NZ 3536 57270 to NZ 3547 5718 revealed many small pottery fragments, all glazed, of C19 date. Slim ceramic dividers were also found and clinker, decayed brick {4}.
Site Type: Broad
Pottery Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Low Ford Pottery, also known as Dawson's Pottery, it worked from c.1794 to 1864 {2}. The Low Ford Pottery was acquired by John Dawson in the 1790s. The works contained a watermill and other mills for the grinding and preparation of flints and lead for use in the manufacture of pots, as well as pottery itself, which produced "brownware", "creamware" and tiles. In 1798 it was sold or let by Longstaff, Lightfoot & Goldsmith. In 1836 new buildings were erected in the dene leading down to the river, and using new machinery and Devon clay, the pottery gained a reputation as the finest on the Wear. However, with the death of John Dawson in 1848, at the age of 88, the management of the firm fell into disarray and both the earthenware and tile producing plants were sold and eventually closed in the 1860s. The works reopened for a short while as South Hylton Bottle Works, but were out of use, this time permanently, by 1877. The Low Ford Pottery had been of considerable local significance, both as part of an important industry and as a major Wearside employer. Now only the name "Pottery Lane" survives to mark the site of Dawson's Pottery {3}. Manufacturer from 1799-1863 was J Dawson (earthenware manufacturers)
Brickfield 1868
Source: Davison, P J, 1986. Brickworks of the North East, 153, 157 site 23
Site Name
Low Ford Pottery (Dawson's Pottery)
Site Type: Specific
Pottery Works
HER Number
2645
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2645 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
N.T. Sinclair in Milburn & Miller, (eds) 1988, Sunderland, River, Town & People, Industry to 1914, p.24
I. Ayris, River Wear Trail - Pottery Lane
Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 1998, South Hylton Interceptor Sewer, Watching Brief report
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
435280
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557160
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
South Hylton
Description
Saw Mills are marked on the the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. The number and precise location of these mills is unclear.
SITEASS
Saw mills replaced saw pits, and were water powered at first. Mechanised sawing was by frame saws which imitated the action of the old sawpit using straight rip saws. Later circular saws came into use (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Wood Processing Site
SITEDESC
Saw Mills marked on the 1st edition OS 6" map. The number and precise location of these mills is unclear.
Site Name
South Hylton, Saw Mills
Site Type: Specific
Saw Mill
HER Number
2644
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2644 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
DAY2
03
District
Sunderland
Easting
435450
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
07
MONTH2
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557290
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
South Hylton
Description
A tidal dock is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan of 1855 on the southern bank of the River wear to the north of South Hylton. The dock was at the northern end of Pottery Lane (the Low Ford Pottery lay a little way down the lane) and appears to have been walled. A saw pit and two cranes sat on the dockside and two groups of buildings, a row to the south and a more substantial block to the east, flanked the facility. There is no evidence to suggest that the dock was used for repairing or constructing ships. It is possible that in part it served the requirements of the Low Ford Pottery to the south and also transhipped and cut timber. The presence of the Humane Society’s House at the eastern end of the southern row of structures shown on the 1855 survey may suggest that livestock were passed through the dock. The dock was still in use at the end of the 19th century but had gone out of use by 1921.
Site Type: Broad
Dock and Harbour Installation
SITEDESC
Low Ford Dock, with crane and saw pit {1}. A tidal dock is shown on the First Edition Ordnance Survey of 1855 on the southern bank of the River wear to the north of the settlement of South Hylton. The dock lies at the northern end of Pottery Lane (the Low Ford Pottery lay a little way down the lane). By this time the dock appears to have been walled; the plan of the dock includes a sharp inturn. A saw pit and two cranes lie on the dockside and two groups of buildings; a row to the south and a more substantial block to the east, flank the facility. Despite the presence of the saw pit and the cranes, there is no evidence to suggest that the dock was in use for either repairing or constructing ships. It is possible that in part it served the requirements of the Low Ford Pottery to the south and also transhipped and cut timber. The presence of the Humane Society’s House at the eastern end of the southern row of structures shown on the 1855 survey may suggest that livestock were passed through the dock. The dock was still in use at the end of the nineteenth century but had gone out of use by the time of the Third Edition Survey in 1921. Map Evidence: On the First Edition Twenty Five Inches to One Mile Ordnance Survey 1857, Sheet VII.16, the dock forms a discrete area of land at the northern end of Pottery Lane. It would appear to be walled (whether in stone or timber), given the right-angled inturn in the riverside towards the north of the facility. A row of buildings flanks the south eastern edge of the dock (including a house belonging to the Humane Society) and a more substantial block of structures lies to the west. On the dock, itself, are a sawpit and two fixed cranes. On the Second Edition Twenty Five Inches to One Mile Ordnance Survey 1896, the dock is still in use, although Low Ford Pottery, which lay to the south along Pottery Lane, has now closed. The plan of the dock has altered slightly and now includes a projecting central area. The buildings to the south-east of the facility remain, although those to the west have by this time been demolished. The sawpit has also gone. Two cranes remain on the dockside, although in different positions to the cranes shown on the First Edition Survey. On the Third Edition Ordnance Survey 1921, Sheet VII.SE although the layout of the dock remains the same as on the Second Edition Survey, it is now described as disused {3}.
Site Name
Low Ford Dock
Site Type: Specific
Dock
HER Number
2643
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2643 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1896
The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record.
3rd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1921, third edition sheet, VII.SE
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
435450
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559530
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
This quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was out of use by 1857.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1857.
Site Name
North Hylton, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
2632
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2632 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
435200
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560000
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
This quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was out of use by 1857. Its precise location is unclear.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1857. The location is unclear, so probably lay within a 250m radius of the grid reference.
Site Name
Down Hill Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
2631
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2631 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
DAY2
29
District
Sunderland
Easting
431170
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
07
MONTH2
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556600
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Washington
Description
Sand Hole, probably a sand pit, is marked on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
"Sand Hole" marked on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. A large sand pit. Now landscaped into grassed gentle slopes.
Site Name
Washington, Sand Pit
Site Type: Specific
Sand Pit
HER Number
2630
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2630 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2009
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2290
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
433730
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558710
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
Washington Lane Cabin, at the junction of Washington Lane and the North Eastern Railway, Pontop and South Shields branch (HER ref. 2290), was probably a signal box or crossing control.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Washington Lane Cabin. At the junction of Washington Lane and the North Eastern Railway, Pontop and South Shields branch, (SMR 2290). Probably a signal box or crossing control.
Site Name
Washington Lane Cabin
Site Type: Specific
Railway Signal
HER Number
2629
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2629 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2290
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
433910
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559090
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
Hylton Lane Cabin, at the junction of the North Eastern Railway, Pontop and South Shields branch (HER ref. 2290) and Hylton Lane, may have been a signal box/crossing control of some sort.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Hylton Lane Cabin. Situated at the junction of the North Eastern Railway, Pontop and South Shields branch (SMR 2290) and Hylton Lane, this may have been a signal box/crossing control of some sort.
Site Name
Hylton Lane Cabin
Site Type: Specific
Railway Signal
HER Number
2628
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2628 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2290
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
433900
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559070
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
Hylton Depot (Manure) is on the North Eastern Railway, Pontop and South Shields branch (HER ref. 2290).
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Hylton Depot (Manure), on the North Eastern Railway, Pontop and South Shields branch (SMR 2290).
Site Name
Hylton Manure Depot
Site Type: Specific
Fertilizer Storehouse
HER Number
2627
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2627 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994