English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2290
DAY1
25
District
S Tyneside
Easting
434280
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560900
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Boldon
Description
Boldon Station, on the North Eastern Railway, Pontop and South Shields Branch (SMR 2290). Marked as a Coal and Lime Depot on the 1st edition OS mapping, 1857 survey. May have been conveying lime from the quarries and kilns around Down Hill. Originally a passenger station, later a lime and coal depot. The goods yard and coal depot have been reconstruced at Beamish Museum.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Boldon Station, on the North Eastern Railway, Pontop and South Shields Branch (SMR 2290). Marked as a Coal and Lime Depot on the 1st edition OS mapping, 1857 survey. May have been conveying lime from the quarries and kilns around Down Hill. Originally a passenger station, later a lime and coal depot. The goods yard and coal depot have been reconstructed at Beamish Museum.
Site Name
Boldon Station
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
2311
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2311 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
25
District
S Tyneside
Easting
434990
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MAP2
NZ36SE
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560680
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Boldon
Description
This quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was presumably out of use by 1857.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry, marked as Old on 1st edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1857.
Site Name
West Boldon, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
2310
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2310 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Rachel Grahame
Crossref
2308
DAY1
25
DAY2
06
District
S Tyneside
Easting
435388
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
04
MONTH2
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560768
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Boldon
Description
These limekilns appear to be the two shown on the 1st edition OS mapping of 1857, with a track linking them to a quarry (HER 2308). They are not shown on 2nd edition OS mapping, so were out of use by 1895.
These structures were added to the South Tyneside local list in 2023. The local list description reads:
'Despite being located within the perimeter of the golf course, the lime kilns are best viewed from the southern part of Boldon Cemetery. The lime kilns are situated adjacent to the 3rd green on the golf course, but appear to be largely inaccessible, in an area of well-established dense undergrowth.
Anecdotal evidence has suggested that there may be some ruins of outbuildings associated with the lime kilns, immediately to the south, although these would also be covered by undergrowth.
Records indicate that the lime kilns were built in the 19th century but were out of use by 1895. The lime kilns are listed in the Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record (HER 2309) & would appear to be associated with a former adjacent quarry, located a little further to the south (HER 2308).'
SITEASS
Lime kiln - stone or brick structure for calcining brooken limestone to make powdered quicklime for agricultural, construction and industrial uses. Limestone was broken up and fed into the top of the kiln onto a charcoal fire. After burning, the powdered lime was raked out through an opening at the front of the kiln. By the early C20 bulk production using machinery for crushing the stone and burning it in Hoffman kilns saw the demise of lime kilns (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AB Searle, 1935, Limestone and its products, R. Williams, 1990, Lime kilns and limeburning, Shire Publications).
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
These limekilns appear to be the two shown on the 1st edition OS mapping of 1857, with a track linking them to a quarry (HER 2308). They are not shown on 2nd edition OS mapping, so were out of use by 1895.
These structures were added to the South Tyneside local list in 2023. The local list description reads:
'Despite being located within the perimeter of the golf course, the lime kilns are best viewed from the southern part of Boldon Cemetery. The lime kilns are situated adjacent to the 3rd green on the golf course, but appear to be largely inaccessible, in an area of well-established dense undergrowth.
Anecdotal evidence has suggested that there may be some ruins of outbuildings associated with the lime kilns, immediately to the south, although these would also be covered by undergrowth.
Records indicate that the lime kilns were built in the 19th century but were out of use by 1895. The lime kilns are listed in the Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record (HER 2309) & would appear to be associated with a former adjacent quarry, located a little further to the south (HER 2308).'
Site Name
Lime Kilns at Boldon Golf Course
Site Type: Specific
Lime Kiln
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
2309
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 2309 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7;
https://www.southtyneside.gov.uk/article/18506/Local-List-A-to-Z#LimeKilns
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2025
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2309
DAY1
25
District
S Tyneside
Easting
435340
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560630
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Boldon
Description
This quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was presumably out of use before 1857. The 1st edition Ordnance Survey planalso shows a track to limekilns (HER ref. 2309), suggesting that this was a limestone quarry, supplying those kilns. The quarry seems to have been reworked between 1855 and 1895 as the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, where it is again marked as ‘Old’, shows that it had expanded during that period.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry. Marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping so out of use before 1857. The 1st edition mapping also shows a track to some limekilns (HER 2309), suggesting that this was a limestone quarry, supplying those kilns. This quarry seems to have been reworked between 1855 and 1895 as the 2nd edition OS mapping, where it is again marked as 'Old', shows that it had expanded during that period.
Site Name
West Boldon, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Limestone Quarry
HER Number
2308
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2308 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
25
District
S Tyneside
Easting
435210
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560580
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Boldon
Description
Robinson's Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was presumably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Robinson's Quarry is marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Robinson's Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
2307
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2307 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Rachel Grahame
DAY1
25
DAY2
29
District
S Tyneside
Easting
434810
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MATERIAL
Limestone
MONTH1
04
MONTH2
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560400
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
West Boldon
Description
A lime kiln shown on the Ordnance Survey first edition map on the east side of Down Hill is not shown on the Ordnance Survey second edition map, so was out of use by 1895 {1}. The three arched kiln of limestone rubble dating from the late 18th century or early 19th century is set into a steep escarpment, and more typical of the small kilns producing lime for agricultural purposes than any of the other surviving kilns in the county {3}.
The lime kiln was listed Grade II in 1985 with the following description:
'Limekiln. Late C18/early C19. Roughly squared limestone rubble with brick dressings. 3 entrances, in 3 flat sides, have elliptical brick arches. Built against a steep hillside to use the stone from Downhill Quarry.'
SITEASS
Lime kiln - stone or brick structure for calcining brooken limestone to make powdered quicklime for agricultural, construction and industrial uses. Limestone was broken up and fed into the top of the kiln onto a charcoal fire. After burning, the powdered lime was raked out through an opening at the front of the kiln. By the early C20 bulk production using machinery for crushing the stone and burning it in Hoffman kilns saw the demise of lime kilns (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AB Searle, 1935, Limestone and its products, R. Williams, 1990, Lime kilns and limeburning, Shire Publications). Identified as Vulnerable during Grade II Historic England Testing the National Framework Project 2015. Priority C - Slow Decay; no solution agreed
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
A lime kiln shown on the Ordnance Survey first edition map on the east side of Down Hill is not shown on the Ordnance Survey second edition map, so was out of use by 1895 {1}. The three arched kiln of limestone rubble dating from the late 18th century or early 19th century is set into a steep escarpment, and more typical of the small kilns producing lime for agricultural purposes than any of the other surviving kilns in the county {3}.
The lime kiln was listed Grade II in 1985 with the following description:
'Limekiln. Late C18/early C19. Roughly squared limestone rubble with brick dressings. 3 entrances, in 3 flat sides, have elliptical brick arches. Built against a steep hillside to use the stone from Downhill Quarry.'
Site Name
Down Hill, Lime Kiln
Site Type: Specific
Lime Kiln
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
2306
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 2306 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7;
I Ayris & S M Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 42;
NECT, 2015, National Heritage at Risk Grade II Project;
https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1025249
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2025
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
25
District
S Tyneside
Easting
434830
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560320
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Boldon
Description
This quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry. Marked as Old on 2nd edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Down Hill, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
2305
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2305 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
25
District
S Tyneside
Easting
434640
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560250
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Boldon
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence shows a tannery at this location.
SITEASS
Tanning is the conversion of animal hides and skins into leather by soaking them in a liquid containing tannin. Tanning was carried out in tanyards - open sided buildings with many large pits in which the hides were treated. Hair and wool was cleaned by soaking the hides in milk of lime. The pelts were then soaked in tannin (a vegetable material found in the bark of birch, elm, hemlock, larch, oak , spruce and willow). The bark is ground to a powder in a bark mill, then soaked in water for six to eight weeks to extract the tannic acid (leaching). The pelts were soaked for up to ten months in 'layer pits' containing tannin of different strength, starting with the weakest solution first, with pieces of oak bark between each pelt. After soaking, the pelts, now leather were then hand scrubbed and rolled with a weighted hand roller. In C19 wood-lined tanning drums were introduced to replace hand scrubbing. At the end of the century chromium was used to produce chrome leathers. The leather could be dyed by a currier (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Leather Industry Site
SITEDESC
Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence shows a tannery at this location.
Site Name
Down Hill, Tannery
Site Type: Specific
Tannery
HER Number
2304
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2304 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
25
District
S Tyneside
Easting
434790
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560140
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Boldon
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence shows a quarry at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry.
Site Name
Down Hill, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
2303
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2303 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2290
DAY1
25
District
S Tyneside
Easting
434050
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559960
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Boldon
Description
Engine House on the North Eastern Railway, Pontop and South Shields Branch (HER ref. 2290). This may have been associated with the nearby Dam (HER ref. 2302). It is not shown on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Engine House, on the North Eastern Railway Pontop and South Shields Branch (SMR 2290). This may have been associated with the Dam nearby (SMR 2301). It is not shown on 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
West Boldon, Engine House
Site Type: Specific
Engine House
HER Number
2302
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 2302 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994