Pinfold shown on Hutton's map of 1770.
The enclosure appears to be formed partly by buildings on the west, south and east sides.

Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition. Served Path Head Mill (HER 3423) and fed by mill race (HER 5991). Its shape is still visible.

A headrace serving Path Head Mill/Hoplhy’s Mill/Burn’s Mill/Gibson’s Mill (65) is shown on a plan of 1798 [DRO NCB 1/SC/998] emerging from a presumed culvert east side of the waggonway bridge/battery (60) and terminating in a small pond with a sluice (64) from which a leat carried water to the mill wheel, which was enclosed in the mill building.
Although described in the HER as an important feature, as few mill races survive in the county, in its present state the race is the result of substantially remodelling and re-aligning as a spillway with sluicegate some time between 1896 and 1914, and had undergone further alteration before 1940 (Plate 59). The spillway survives as a brick-and concrete lined channel with slots for insertion of wooden boards to slow the flow of water.
Adjacent to the re-modelled spillway the Burn enters a brick arched culvert. The bricks are 'Cowen' firebricks set within a sandstone retaining wall similar to those found elsewhere on site (16) and probably dating to the 1914 modifications of the spillway and sluicegate. Further downstream the sandstone wall is replaced by a shuttered concrete retaining wall (Plate 60).
The function of the series of brick support columns near the race unknown [Plate 61], though their line passes east of the site of Path Head Mill and wheel pit, and the two are clearly not associated. The brick pillars were probably pipe-carriers and are quite late, being built of bricks stamped ‘COWEN M’, which are not earlier than 1926 [Davidson 1986, 148]. They are probably associated with remodelling the mill race.","109-118","Fair, culvert and spillway blocked with rubbish."
64,"Path Head Mill Sluice","1st OS (1858)","NZ 41734 56319","Water Management","18th Century","None","Marked on the 1st edition OS of 1858, running from the small ‘pond’ at the end of the Mill Race the sluice controlled a narrow water channel supplying power to the mill wheel. No visible remains.

A battery of coke ovens, nearly 230m long, are shown on the 3rd edition OS revision of 1913-14, built by Priestman Collieries c. 1900. The ovens were served by rail lines on each side which joined the Blaydon Burn waggonway, allowing for an easy supply of coal from Blaydon Burn Colliery and transportation of the coke to the main LNER line at Blaydon.

By the 4th edition OS(1940) the ovens had been cleared, leaving only a few steel-framed buildings, and the platform was used as a Coke Cutting and Screening Plant . Coke from waggons was carried by an ‘escalator’ to a Cort coke-cutter, from which another elevator carried the cut coke to screens which graded it into ‘nuts’ in six sizes. Coke breeze was also made. The product was stored on two stocking grounds capable of holding 10,000 tons of coke nuts, served by travelling overhead cranes with grabs. As with the coke ovens, the cutting plant was served by a rail link to Blaydon. There was also a branch to a road depot near Cowen’s Crossing (105), with weighbridge and storage bunkers, from which Coke Nuts were delivered by lorry throughout the district. The depot handled some 15,500 tons of coke each year [TWAS DS/CAR/1].

The platform surface, formed of bricks from the old coke ovens laid flat, appears in the modern track and patchily among the undergrowth to the east (Plates 52 to 54). Most of the bricks are local and marked ‘COWEN’, and laid with the stamp uppermost (Plate 54). Other bricks forming the platform are marked ‘LILY (Rowland’s Gill)’, and laid with the stamp downwards. Some fragmentary brick walls, probably from lavatories or washrooms, and the eastern edge of the platform, were revealed in the course of a recent community archaeology project (Plate 53 and 54).

It was beyond the scope of the present survey to accurately position the location of the surviving coke cutting floor. On site it has been incorporated into the central pathway through the Burn valley, however, the path here probably diverges from the central waggonway which may run to the southeast (Plate 55) although the modern OS data, probably copied from the 1940 revision, plots the path on the exact line of the former track. A more detailed metric survey would be required to accurately locate these features.","091-102","Fair, exposed surface may need protection."

Dating from Priestman's ownership of Blaydon Burn Colliery (post 1910), the aerial cableway ran from close to the coal screens up to a coal depot at the junction of Burn Road and Black Lane. Shown first on third edition OS of 1914. Also appears in a newspaper photograph of 1922. Only the fittings at the base of the cableway survives, these comprise large square concrete block measuring 1.3m wide and 0.5m high. This was set with two iron bars, running east to west, with protruding bolt fittings on the western end. Approximately 2m to the west are two smaller square concrete pads, 0.25m wide and 0.25m high, set with a single iron girder (sawn off).

John Crowley (son of Sir Ambrose Crowley) acquired some land at Dunston on 13th May 1755 from Richard and John Tidmarsh. This appears to be a single piece of land with buildings labelled "Great Square" and "Little Square" by the Ordnance Survey first edition. Call books later refer to "Atkinson's Square", formerly called "Big Square". The land had previously been the site of cottages and a chapel, a garden and a quay and slipway. It is not known what Crowley built on the site - houses? Workshops? This then passed to Theodosia Crowley (later Theodosia Boone) and Elizabeth Crowley (later Countess of Ashburnham), and then to Elizabeth's eldest son and heir George Earl of Ashburnham. The premises then passed, in 1814, to Richard Dann of Old Broad Street, London, and held in trust for Mary Millington of Greenwich, Kent, Charles Vardon of Upper Eaton Street, Middlesex, Purney Sillitoe of Upper Thames Street, London and Mary Millington of Greenwich (spinster). In 1838 it passed to Richard Dann of York Chambers, St James Street, Crowley Millington of Thames Street (steel manufacturer) and Thomas Isaac Millington (also steel manufacturer). The latter appointed Thomas Friend Bennett of Crowley Ironworks to take control of the premises, surrendering part of it to Thomas Adamson of Newcastle. Part of the land was granted to the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway in 1838.

In 1691 Sir Ambrose Crowley acquired by lease a disused corn mill and four acres of land in Winlaton village. Not to be confused with his later works at Winlaton Mill (HER 1006), started in 1697. Surtees quoted the "Picture of Newcastle" describing the works at Winlaton and Winlaton Mill as "The making and grinding of edge tools, manufacturing files, and slitting bars of iron into nail-rods". It has been suggested that Crowley moved to Winlaton from Sunderland (HER 4437) because labour was cheaper. Winlaton had disadvantages it was high on a hill on a steep road, about a mile from the river. There was no water power so none of the preliminary processes such as forging, founding, rolling and slitting could be carried out there. Winlaton at that time consisted of a "few deserted cottages". Even after Crowley's factories moved to Swalwell and Winlaton Mill after 1816, iron working continued within Winlaton, with several small forges specialising in individual products. Evidence of Crowley's Winlaton village works has so far proved elusive - a nail forge survives in Hood Square (HER 1820) and a former joinery works survives off Front Street (HER 1809). Archaeological excavations in Winlaton have thus far failed to find any industrial remains.

Axwell Park Colliery is shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map. Opened in 1839 and closed on 7 August 1954. Owned originally by Mrs Mary Hannington of Hannington & Co. Ltd. In 1903 it was owned by Priestman Collieries Ltd and in 1947 by NCB. The colliery also produced fireclay for bricks according to Whellan's Directory.

This coal drift is shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map.

These firebrick works are shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map. 1876-1938
(May be the same as SMR3462 or SMR3469)
Source: Davison, P J, 1986. Brickworks of the North East, 133, site 24