The statue remains (the head and fragments of the forearm and lower leg) were found in 1862 in the Temple of Antenociticus. The head had been broken off at the neck. The nose, mouth and chin were slightly damaged and chipped in many places. The head measures 0.32 metres high, 0.20 metres wide and 0.26 metres deep. The fragment of leg measures 0.27 metres long and 0.15 metres in diameter. The forearm measures 0.21 metres long and 0.09 metres in diameter. The statue is of a young man with a thick crop of coarse hair combed forward. There was a torque around the neck. Possibly a life-size cult statue which would have stood in a niche or against a wall in the temple. The head is classical in style but the hairstyle, diamond shaped eyes and torque are Celtic. Museum of Antiquites No. 1924.6-8
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
The statue remains (the head and fragments of the forearm and lower leg) were found in 1862 in the Temple of Antenociticus. The head had been broken off at the neck. The nose, mouth and chin were slightly damaged and chipped in many places. The head measures 0.32m high, 0.20m wide and 0.26m deep. The fragment of leg measures 0.27m long and 0.15m in diameter. The forearm measures 0.21m long and 0.09m in diameter. The statue is of a young man with a thick crop of coarse hair combed forward. There was a torque around the neck. Possibly a life-size cult statue which would have stood in a niche or against a wall in the temple. The head is classical in style but the hairstyle, diamond shaped eyes and torque are Celtic. An inscribed altar to Antenociticus has also been found at Chesters. Great North Museum: Hancock No. 1924.6-8. Dated C2.
Site Name
Benwell Fort (Condercum), Statue of Antenociticus
Site Type: Specific
Statue
HER Number
5274
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5274 >> S. Johnson, 1989, Hadrian's Wall, p 90;
Archaeologia Aeliana, 1865, 2, VI, p153;
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 1927, 4, iii, 1927-8, p124-6;
Northumberland County History, 1930, XIII, 552 nos 4-6;
Kendrick, 1938, Anglo Saxon Art to AD 900, p 20-1;
A. Ross, 1960, PSAS, XLI, 1957-8, p18-19, no xviii;
Archaeologia Aeliana, 1961 4, XXXIX, p80-1;
A. Ross, 1967, Pagan Celtic Britain, p 83, 163-4;
J.M.C. Toynbee, 1963, Art in Roman Britain, p 146 no 41;
J.M.C. Toynbee, 1964, Art in Britain under the Romans, p 106-7; D.J. Smith, 1974, Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle upon Tyne - An Illustrated Introduction, 23
SURVIVAL
60-79%
YEAR1
2003
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
208, 5262, 5264
DAY1
19
District
Newcastle
Easting
421560
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564660
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Benwell
Description
A road ran from the south gate of the fort (HER 208) to the vallum crossing (HER 5264). MacLauchlan's 19th century survey shows a possible causeway continuing down the hill to the mansio (HER 5265).
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
A road ran from the south gate of the fort (SMR 208) to the vallum crossing (SMR 5264). MacLauchlan's survey shows a possible causeway continuing down the hill to the mansio (SMR 5265).
Site Name
Benwell Fort (Condercum), Roman road
Site Type: Specific
Road
HER Number
5273
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5273 >> Tyne and Wear Museums, 1991, The Roman Fort at Benwell and Its Environs, A survey of the extent and presentation of the archaeological remains
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
208, 5262
DAY1
19
District
Newcastle
Easting
421420
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Ceramic
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564560
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Benwell
Description
Pottery was found during building work in the grounds of Pendower Hall School, just north of Bertram Crescent, between Adair Avenue and Lismore Place (Museum of Antiquities 1970.2).
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
Pottery was found during building work in the grounds of Pendower Hall School, just north of Bertram Crescent, between Adair Avenue and Lismore Place (Museum of Antiquities 1970.2).
Site Name
Pendower Hall, Roman pottery
Site Type: Specific
Vessel
HER Number
5272
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5272 >> Tyne and Wear Museums, 1991, The Roman Fort at Benwell and Its Environs, A survey of the extent and presentation of the archaeological remains
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
208, 5262, 5266
DAY1
19
District
Newcastle
Easting
421660
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Lead
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564640
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Benwell
Description
A stone lined grave containing a lead coffin (held in Museum of Antiquities - no. 1935.11) for a child. Found 64 metres south-east of the south-east corner of the fort, 46 metres from the apse of the Temple of Antenociticus (HER 5266).
Site Type: Broad
Grave
SITEDESC
A stone lined grave containing a lead coffin (held in Museum of Antiquities - 1935.11) for a child. Found 64m south-east of the south-east corner of the fort, 46m from the apse of the Temple of Antenociticus (SMR 5266).
Site Name
Benwell Fort (Condercum), Roman grave containing lead coffin
Site Type: Specific
Grave
HER Number
5271
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5271 >> Proceedings Society Antiquities Newcastle, 1935, 4, ser 7, 1935, p50-54
Tyne and Wear Museums, 1991, The Roman Fort at Benwell and Its Environs, A survey of the extent and presentation of the archaeological remains
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
208, 5262, 5264
DAY1
19
District
Newcastle
Easting
421620
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564610
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Benwell
Description
Two parallel ditches were found running southwards from the south-east corner of the fort. The western ditch has been traced for a distance of c.71 metres. They must post-date the infilled and levelled vallum.
Site Type: Broad
Ditch
SITEDESC
Two parallel ditches were found running southwards from the south-east corner of the fort. The western ditch has been traced for a distance of c.71m. They must post-date the infilled and levelled vallum. Dated C2-C3.
Site Name
Benwell Fort (Condercum), Roman ditches
Site Type: Specific
Ditch
HER Number
5270
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5270 >> Archaeologia Aeliana, 1927, 4, ser 4, p 161, and 4 ser 5, 1928, p73
Tyne and Wear Museums, 1991, The Roman Fort at Benwell and Its Environs, A survey of the extent and presentation of the archaeological remains
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
208, 5262
DAY1
19
District
Newcastle
Easting
421530
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564560
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Benwell
Description
Building remains were observed by Petch during drainage work in the front garden of 27 Lismore Place.
Site Type: Broad
Settlement
SITEDESC
Building remains were observed by Petch during drainage work in the front garden of 27 Lismore Place.
Site Name
Lismore Place, Roman building remains
Site Type: Specific
Vicus
HER Number
5269
Form of Evidence
Building
Sources
<< HER 5269 >> Archaeologia Aeliana, 1928, 4, ser 5, p 73
Tyne and Wear Museums, 1991, The Roman Fort at Benwell and Its Environs, A survey of the extent and presentation of the archaeological remains
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
208, 5262
DAY1
19
District
Newcastle
Easting
421460
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564500
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Benwell
Description
While digging the foundations of 68 Bertram Crescent a pottery vessel was recovered containing a coin of Hadrian (and three others since lost). Museum of Antiquities No. 1927.141.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
While digging the foundations of 68 Bertram Crescent a pottery vessel was recovered containing a coin of Hadrian (and three others since lost). Museum of Antiquities No. 1927.141. Dated C2.
Site Name
Bertram Crescent, Roman vessel and coins
Site Type: Specific
Coin Hoard
HER Number
5268
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5268 >> Proceedings Society Antiquities Newcastle, 1927, 4, ser 3, 1927, p110-11
Tyne and Wear Museums, 1991, The Roman Fort at Benwell and Its Environs, A survey of the extent and presentation of the archaeological remains
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
208, 5262
DAY1
19
District
Newcastle
Easting
421230
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Ceramic
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564330
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Benwell
Description
A complete Roman pot was found in Benwell Lane while digging a sewer near Benwell Dene House (now the School for the Blind) in 1887.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
A complete Roman pot was found in Benwell Lane while digging a sewer near Benwell Dene House (now the School for the Blind) in 1887.
Site Name
Benwell Lane, Roman vessel
Site Type: Specific
Vessel
HER Number
5267
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5267 >> Proceedings Society Antiquities Newcastle, 1887, 2, III, p 253
Tyne and Wear Museums, 1991, The Roman Fort at Benwell and Its Environs, A survey of the extent and presentation of the archaeological remains
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Good
Crossref
208, 5262
DAY1
17
District
Newcastle
Easting
421710
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 69
Northing
564670
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Benwell
SAMNUMBER
28 (12)
Description
The temple of the Celtic god Antenociticus lay east of the fort between rampart and vallum. It was discovered in 1862. It measured 7 metres x 4.8 metres with thick stone walls. There was a projected apse at the southern end. There was originally a door in the north wall, later blocked and another in the east wall. Inside the apse there was an ornamental base for the cult statue. On either side was an altar, one dedicated by a centurion, the other by a prefect, probably in A.D. 181-5 [but possibly in the 3rd century]. The temple was used by officers - no evidence for civilian worship. A third altar was dedicated by the Cohors I Vangiorium. Several bases, shafts and capitals found outside the temple, once thought to be possibly part of a portico but more likely part of adjacent buildings built south, east and west of the temple. Close to the southern structure was a cremation, suggesting a combine temple and cemetery. The few coins, altars and a charred beam, point to a second century date, meaning the temple was probably built shortly after the construction of the fort. It was destroyed by fire in A.D. 196 [there is some doubt whether or not the building was restored after 197]. Three burials were laid in the apse after its ruin, but as they were aligned east-west they may have been post Roman. This is the only known shrine to Antenociticus, so he was probably a local deity. Sandstone rubble with ashlar facing. Walls stand about half a metre high. Apse contains base of cult statue of which head is now in Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle. Flanking altars are casts of originals in same museum. SCHEDULED ANCIENT MONUMENT AND LISTED GRADE 1
Site Type: Broad
Place of Worship
SITEDESC
The temple of the Celtic god Antenociticus lay east of the fort between rampart and vallum. It was discovered in 1862. It measured 7m x 4.8m with thick stone walls. There was a projected apse at the southern end. There was originally a door in the north wall, later blocked and another in the east wall. Inside the apse there was an ornamental base for the cult statue. On either side was an altar, one dedicated by a centurion, the other by a prefect, probably in AD 181-5 [but possibly in C3]. The temple was used by officers - no evidence for civilian worship. A third altar was dedicated by the Cohors I Vangiorium. Several bases, shafts and capitals found outside the temple, once thought to be possibly part of a portico but more likely part of adjacent buildings built south, east and west of the temple. Close to the southern structure was a cremation, suggesting a combine temple and cemetery. The few coins, altars and a charred beam, point to a second century date, meaning the temple was probably built shortly after the construction of the fort. It was destroyed by fire in AD 196 [there is some doubt whether or not the building was restored after 197]. Three burials were laid in the apse after its ruin, but as they were aligned east-west they may have been post Roman. This is the only known shrine to Antenociticus, so he was probably a local deity {1}. Sandstone rubble with ashlar facing. Walls stand about half a metre high. Apse contains base of cult statue of which head is now in Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle. Flanking altars are casts of originals in same museum. Dated C2-C3.
Site Name
Benwell Fort (Condercum), Temple of Antenociticus
Site Type: Specific
Temple
SITE_STAT
Scheduled Monument LB1
HER Number
5266
Form of Evidence
Ruined Building
Sources
<< HER 5266 >> M.J.T. Lewis, 1966, Temples of Roman Britain, p 72-3
C. Bruce, 1966, Handbook to the Roman Wall, 12th edition, p53
R.G. Collingwood & R.P. Wright, 1965, Roman Inscriptions of Britain I, Inscriptions in Stone, p 439-440
S. Frere, 1987, Brittannia: A History of Roman Britain, p 318
D.J. Breeze & B. Dobson, 1987, Hadrian's Wall, p 266
S. Johnson, 1989, Hadrian's Wall, p 89
Archaeologia Aeliana, 1862, 2, VI, pp 169
P. Salway, 1967, The Frontier People of Roman Britain, p 70-1
Tyne and Wear Museums, 1991, The Roman Fort at Benwell and Its Environs, A survey of the extent and presentation of the archaeological remains
Richmond, 1941, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XIX, 39 n. 136; David J. Breeze, 2006, J. Collingwood Bruce's Handbook to the Roman Wall, 14th edition, pp 151-157
SURVIVAL
80-90%
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Civil
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
208, 5262
DAY1
17
District
Newcastle
Easting
421569
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564592
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Benwell
Description
This was partially excavated in 1926-7 by J.A. Petch. The building originated as a simple 'barn-dwelling' or 'basilican villa' with a nave and two aisles. A large square room was formed at one end of the nave, and the north aisle was divided into rooms by cross walls. Pottery evidence suggests a date of c. A.D. 200. Three new rooms were later added to the east. The arrangement of these rooms suggests a probable vestibule flanked by porter's lodges. A stoke-hole was built against the north side of the building. It may have been a furnace or may have fed hot air into a flue. The date of these changes is unknown. The building was originally interpreted as a posting house for official travellers (mansio) - but was it an overnight stopping-place for those travelling by the imperial post or merely an inn set up as a private enterprise? It has also been suggested as an aisled barn or villa. The building measured at least 25 metres x 11 metres.
SITEASS
Now built over by the houses and back gardens of nos. 39-45 Denhill Park.
Site Type: Broad
Mansio
SITEDESC
This was partially excavated in 1926-7 by J.A. Petch. The building originated as a simple 'barn-dwelling' or 'basilican villa' with a nave and two aisles. A large square room was formed at one end of the nave, and the north aisle was divided into rooms by cross walls. Pottery evidence suggests a date of c. AD 200. Three new rooms were later added to the east. The arrangement of these rooms suggests a probable vestibule flanked by porter's lodges. A stoke-hole was built against the north side of the building. It may have been a furnace or may have fed hot air into a flue. The date of these changes is unknown. The building was originally interpreted as a posting house for official travellers (mansio) - but was it an overnight stopping-place for those travelling by the imperial post or merely an inn set up as a private enterprise? It has also been suggested as an aisled barn or villa. The building measured at least 25m x 11m. Dated C2-C3.
Site Name
Benwell Fort (Condercum), Mansio
Site Type: Specific
Mansio
HER Number
5265
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5265 >> C. Bruce, 1966, Handbook to the Roman Wall, 12th edition, p55
E. Birley, 1961, Research on Hadrian's Wall, p 165
J.A. Petch, 1928, Excavations at Benwell (Condercum), 2nd interim report (1927 and 1928), Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, V, pp. 52-57
Tyne and Wear Museums, 1991, The Roman Fort at Benwell and Its Environs, A survey of the extent and presentation of the archaeological remains