English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
643,685,687
DAY1
28
DAY2
04
District
Gateshead
Easting
422000
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560200
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Washingwells
Description
Two parallel lines, some 200 metres long and roughly 10 metres apart, are visible on aerial photographs south of the Roman fort running North North-West - South South East. Excavation proved them to be geological features.
Site Type: Broad
Natural Feature
SITEDESC
Two parallel lines, some 200 m long and roughly 10 m apart, showed on APs south of the Roman fort running NNW-SSE. Excavation proved them to be geological features.
Site Name
Washingwells, linear feature
Site Type: Specific
Geological Marks
HER Number
686
Form of Evidence
Cropmark
Sources
<< HER 686 >> Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069153.28-33, 13.vii.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069432.1-8, 29.vii.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069461.3-12, 30.vii.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069486.44-46, 4.viii, 1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069599.1-8, 10.viii.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069656.116-117, 13.viii.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.070630.23-24, 7.x.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1971, Washingwells, A.074315.28-29, 26.iii.1971 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1971, Washingwells, A.076715.25-27, 3.viii.1971 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1972, Washingwells, A.083290.1-4, 17.vii.1972 -Museum of Antiquities
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
143,686,687
DAY1
05
DAY2
04
District
Gateshead
Easting
422100
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 109
Northing
560200
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Washingwells
Description
Immediately east and south-east of the cropmark of Washingwells Roman fort (HER no. 143) there are a number of circular cropmarks, perhaps nine, of varying sizes. Excavation in 1993 established that in the field south-west of the fort (NZ 219 602) one of the circular cropmarks was a disused mine-shaft 7 metres in diameter, funnel-shaped, 3 metres+ deep, and surrounded by the remnant of a ring of spoil. The fill of the pit was dark in colour, and consisted of mixed clay, cobbles and tree branches. Artifacts recovered, including a wooden horse whim, suggest a 17/18th century date.
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
Immediately east and south-east of the cropmark of Washingwells Roman fort (SMR 143) there are a number of circular cropmarks, perhaps nine at the present count, of varying sizes. Excavation in 1993 established that in the field SW of the fort (NZ 219 602) one of the circular cropmarks was a disused mine-shaft 7m in diam., funnel-shaped, 3m + deep, and surrounded by the remnant of a ring of spoil. The fill of the pit was dark in colour, and consisted of mixed clay, cobbles and tree branches. Artifacts suggest a date of C17/18th century, and included a wooden horse whim.
Site Name
Washingwells, circular cropmarks
Site Type: Specific
Mine Shaft
HER Number
685
Form of Evidence
Cropmark
Sources
<< HER 685 >> Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069153.28-33, 13.vii.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069432.1-8, 29.vii.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069461.3-12, 30.vii.1970-Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069486.44-46, 4.viii.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069599, 1-8, 10.viii.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.069656.116-117, 13.viii.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1970, Washingwells, A.070630.23-24, 7.x.1970 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1971 Washingwells, A.074315.28-29, 26.iii.1971 -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, N. McCord,1971 Washingwells, A.076715.25-27, 3.viii.1971 -Museum of Antiquities
G. Stobbs, 1993, Washingwells Farm, Whickham, The Arbeia Journal, Vol. II, 59-60
N. Hodgson, 1993, Arbeia Roman Fort; Excavations in 1992-93, Archaeology North, No. 5, July 1993, pp. 9-10
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
682,683
DAY1
23
DAY2
03
District
Gateshead
Easting
421500
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 116
Northing
560100
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Washingwells
Description
During fencing on Washingwells Farm (nearer Marshall Lands than Washingwells) in 1951 a cremation was found in a Food Vessel Urn, standing upright in a cist. Only the upper part of the vessel has survived, its mouth sealed by a stone. The vessel, with a rim diameter of 300 mm, is made of coarse fabric, externally orange-brown with a black core and interior sooting. The vessel has a shoulder groove with applied stops, and is decorated with 5 lines of twisted cord on the internal bevel of the rim, and externally a herring-bone arrangement of short impressions of twisted cord on the rim and shoulder. The vessel was donated by Mr. L. Tate, the farmer of Washingwells, to the Hancock Museum from where it was later passed to the Sunderland Museum. The discovery was not recorded archaeologically and there is therefore no further information.
SITEASS
Note that the actual location of the discovery is much nearer Marshall Lands than Washingwells. A look at the Hancock Museum Accessions Book would be desirable.
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
A cremation was found in a Food Vessel Urn, standing upright in a cist, during fencing on Washingwells Farm in 1951. The basic discovery was not recorded archaeologically and there is therefore no further information.
Site Name
Washingwells, cremation
Site Type: Specific
Cremation Burial
HER Number
681
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 681 >> R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 39 no. 10.1
SURVIVAL
0
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
697
DAY1
01
DAY2
26
District
Gateshead
Easting
421000
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561100
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Whickham
Description
In Boldon Buke (c.1183 survey of land belonging to the Bishop of Durham, Hugh du Puiset), under the heading of Whickham, there is mention of a mill which "used (to render) 3 marcs". In Hatfield's Survey (c.1382) no mill is listed under Whickham, but there was definitely one in Swalwell, also listed under Whickham. The Swalwell mill is also mentioned in the Parliamentary Survey of 1647, and it is possible that references of 1567 and 1576, quoted by the antiquarian Bourn, also refer to Swalwell.
Site Type: Broad
Food and Drink Industry Site
SITEDESC
In Boldon Buke (1183 survey of land belonging to the Bishop of Durham, Hugh du Puiset) , under the heading of Whickham, there is mention of a mill. "The mill used (to render) 3 marcs". A mill at Whickham is mentioned in the Receiver's Roll of 1307. When the manor of Whickham was later at farm the mill was included with it. In Hatfield's Survey (1382) no mill is listed under Whickham, but there was definitely one in Swalwell, also listed under Whickham. The Swalwell mill is also mentioned in the Parliamentary Survey of 1647, and it is possible that the references of 1567 and 1576 quoted by Bourn refer to Swalwell too. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Whickham, medieval mill
Site Type: Specific
Corn Mill
HER Number
680
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 680 >> W. Greenwell, ed. 1852, Boldon Buke, Surtees Society, 25, p. 67
W. Bourn, 1893, Whickham Parish, p. 49; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2014, Windmill at Chase Park, Whickham - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
2015
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Claire MacRae
CONDITION
Fair
Crossref
680
DAY1
21
DAY2
10
District
Gateshead
Easting
421010
Grid ref figure
8
HEIGHT_OD
121
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 285
Northing
561070
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Whickham
Description
Described as new in 1720, the windmill is not mentioned after 1828 and had been long since dismantled by 1893. In a field which came to be a park called The Chase, bought by Whickham UDC in 1937 for public use, a stone tower mill of 3 storeys stands on a low mound of colliery shale 15 metres across. It survives to a height of 10.25 metres, 6 metres in diameter, with walls 0.80 metre thick. The lower three-quarters of the mill are of coursed sandstone rubble; above is of ashlar, so probably a later addition. Between the upper storeys, externally, is a circle of c. 13 sockets for the beams which presumably supported a projecting platform. All external openings and sockets are blocked. There are also beam-holes and recesses inside, some perhaps for the wooden stair recorded in 1937. Once attached to the mill were a dwelling house, drying kiln, a possible stable and 1+ acre of land. There are a number of early references to Whickham mill but its later history is not well known. A mill is mentioned in the receiver's roll of 1307. Similarly it is referred to in documentation in 1567. Local lore has it that when the Scots invaded Northumberland and Durham in 1640 at harvest time, crops were destroyed, the people fled and the upper millstones were broken or buried by order. The existing tower would seem to date from a later structure. LISTED GRADE 2
SITEASS
Get a little report written and published.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Described as new in 1720. Once attached were a dwelling house, drying kiln, ? Stable, 1+ acre of land. Not mentioned after 1828, it had been long since dismantled by 1893. In a field which came to be a park called The Chase, bought by Whickham UDC in 1937 for public use. A stone tower mill, 6m diam., with walls 0.80 m thick, surviving to a height of 10.25 m. Stands on a low mound of colliery shale 15 m across. The lower three-quarters of the mill are of coursed sandstone rubble; above is of ashlar, so probably a later addition. 3 storeys: ground - 2 opposing doors and fireplace; first - 2 windows; second - as first. Between the upper storeys, externally, is a circle of c. 13 sockets for the beams which presumably supported a projecting platform. All external openings and sockets are blocked. There are also beam-holes and recesses inside, some perhaps for the wooden stair recorded in 1937. There are a number of early references to Whickham mill but its later history is not well known. A mill is mentioned in the receiver's roll of 1307. Similarly it is referred to in documentation in 1567. Local lore has it that when the Scots invaded Northumberland and Durham in 1640 at harvest time, crops were destroyed, the people fled and the upper millstones were broken or buried by order. The existing tower would seem to date from a later structure. The dates on the door lintels are not to be trusted {13}. Remains of a stone tower mill, built c.1720. Blocked entrance; lintel inscribed 1576 for no known reason {Pevsner}. Mill is believed to have been used for gas mask testing in the Second World War. The mill was subject to archaeological investigation in 1979. The mill was recorded during clearance work in preparation for consolidation and display of the stone windmill in February 2017. It was revealed that the tower had a chamfered plinth like the one in Heaton mill and that the walls were reduced in height after 1920. There are few traces of fixtures and fittings remaining.
Site Name
Whickham windmill
Site Type: Specific
Windmill
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II*
HER Number
679
Form of Evidence
Ruined Building
Sources
<< HER 679 >> Newcastle Courant, 1725, 30.i.1725
Newcastle Courant, 1806, 6.xii.1806
Newcastle Courant, 1809, 16.ix.1809
Newcastle Courant, 1810, 5.v.1810
Newcastle Courant, 1813, 11.xii.1813
Newcastle Courant, 1828, 9.ii.1828
W. Bourn, 1893, Whickham Parish, 49
Whickham UDC, 1937, Council Minutes, 105.67-8 -Gateshead Library Local Studies
Whickham UDC, 1937, Finance Committee Minutes - Gateshead Library Local Studies
Excavation report, B. Harbottle, 1979, Whickham Windmill
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 57; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2014, Windmill at Chase Park, Whickham - Archaeological Assessment; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2017, Windmill at Chase Park, Whickham - Building Recording
SURVIVAL
60-79%
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
2017
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Civil
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
21
DAY2
03
District
Gateshead
Easting
420960
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 34
Northing
561360
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Whickham
Description
In 1893 the antiquarian Bourn reported that "about seventy years ago the village stocks stood beside the yew tree in front of the tower (of the church). Probably, they had then fallen into disuse, as they had originally stood on the village green. They were last seen in the blacksmith's shop on the west side of the churchyard, and are now only remembered by the oldest inhabitants".
Site Type: Broad
Legal Site
SITEDESC
"About seventy years ago the village stocks stood beside the yew tree in front of the tower (of the church). Probably, they had then fallen into disuse, as they had originally stood on the village green. They were last seen in the blacksmith's shop on the west side of the churchyard, and are now only remembered by the oldest inhabitants". Bourn published his History in 1893.
Site Name
Whickham, stocks
Site Type: Specific
Stocks
HER Number
678
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 678 >> W. Bourn, 1893, History of the Parish of Whickham, 18
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
23
DAY2
03
District
Gateshead
Easting
420900
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 46
Northing
561500
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Whickham
Description
The notion that there was a Quaker burial ground in a field at the west end of Whickham stems from the early 19th century antiquarian, Surtees. He reported that there were 2 gravestones in Whickham churchyard, close to the church, commemorating George and Aibiah Hodgson, 1667 and 1669, and on one of them an inscription recording their removal from the above field in 1784. He then said they were Quaker memorials. There is no evidence, however, that the Hodgsons were Quakers, but a local field (Ordnance Survey field 670) said to be known locally as the "Graveyard" or "Kirk Garth field" is reported to be the source of the 2 stones and other stones were apparently seen there in the early 19th century. The 2 stones may still be in the churchyard.
SITEASS
Locate the stones: said to be either under the W (sic) window of the chancel, or on the N side of the tower. Check position of field 670. The above grid ref is a guess.
Site Type: Broad
Cemetery
SITEDESC
The notion that there was a Quaker burial ground in a field at the west end of Whickham stems from Surtees. He reported that there were 2 gravestones in Whickham churchyard, close to the church, commemorating George and Aibiah Hodgson, 1667 and 1669, and on one of them an inscription recording their removal from the above field in 1784. He then said they were Quaker memorials. Phillips could not prove the Hodgsons were Quakers, but he did say that the OS field 670 was known locally as the "Graveyard" or "Kirk Garth field", and he reported oral traditions that the 2 stones had come from this field, and that other stones had been seen there in the early C19.
Site Name
Whickham, Quaker burial ground
Site Type: Specific
Friends Burial Ground
HER Number
677
Form of Evidence
Implied Evidence
Sources
<< HER 677 >> R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, II,
M. Phillips, 1894, Notes on some forgotten burying grounds of the Society of Friends, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, XVI, 195-8
W. Bourn, 1893, Whickham Parish, 18-19
M. Phillips, 1917, Additional isolated burials, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 3, VII (for 1915-16), p. 179
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
07
DAY2
03
District
Gateshead
Easting
420000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 48
Northing
562000
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Swalwell
Description
The late 19th century antiquarian Bourn reported that, "in taking down some old houses at Swalwell, a few years since, four querns were discovered in the foundations...". There is no other information. It is considered possible that the word 'quern' has been misapplied and they were really creeing troughs (mortars).
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
"In taking down some old houses at Swalwell, a few years since, four querns were discovered in the foundations...". There is no other information. Miket has decided they are prehistoric, but it as likely that the word "quern" has been misapplied and they were really creeing troughs (mortars).
Site Name
Swalwell, four querns
Site Type: Specific
Quern
HER Number
676
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 676 >> W. Bourn, 1896, History of the Parish of Ryton, 112
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 40 no. 14
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
CONDITION
Poor
DAY1
07
DAY2
03
District
Gateshead
Easting
421100
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 107
Northing
561700
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Neolithic -4,000 to -2,200
Place
Whickham
Description
In 1917 a polished axe with both faces badly chipped was donated to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle by Mr. G. Forster. He had found it in his garden in Beech Grove, Whickham. Its measurements are as follows: "Length 107 mm, width 51 mm, thickness 25 mm.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
In 1917 a polished axe was donated to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle by Mr. G. Forster. He had found it in his garden in Beech Grove, Whickham. "Length 107 mm, width 51 mm, thickness 25 mm. Both faces are badly chipped".
Site Name
Beech Grove, polished axe
Site Type: Specific
Polished Axehead
HER Number
675
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 675 >> Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 1918 Donation to the Museum, 3, VIII (for 1917-18), 16
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, pp. 38-9, fig. 11 p. 41, no. 7
SURVIVAL
60-79%
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
07
DAY2
03
District
Gateshead
Easting
421050
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 108
Northing
561320
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Whickham
Description
On 24th September, 1889, a quern was "found among the stones used in an ancient wall discovered in preparing the foundations for the new school, close to the parish church". This discovery was reported by Mr. J.Robinson to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle. He described is as Roman, but in the Proceedings of the Society there is the cautious comment - "though described as Roman (it) may be of any date". There is no further information about the quern, and its location is unknown.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
On 24 September, 1889, a quern was "found among the stones used in an ancient wall discovered in preparing the foundations for the new school, close to the parish church". This discovery was duly logged in the school records, and on the following day reported by Mr. J.Robinson to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle. He described is as Roman, but in PSAN there is the cautious comment - "though described as Roman (it) may be of any date". There is no further information about the quern, and its location is unknown.
Site Name
Whickham, quern
Site Type: Specific
Quern
HER Number
674
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 674 >> Ordnance Survey archaeological record cards, JHO, 1952, Roman Quern
J. Robinson, 1891, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 2, IV (for 1889-90), 156
W. Bourn, 1896, History of the Parish of Ryton, 112
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 40 no. 18
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996