The Cobourg Stairs opened off the south end of Stockbridge (HER 6623) and ran up St. Michael's Mount on a roughly east-west alignment. Almost all of this area was demolished around 1880-3 to make way for this embankment which carries City Road, but the lower part of the stairs still existed in 1972, the entrance being marked by a gap in the street frontage. It is possible that the Cobourg Stairs were medieval in origin. The Friary on the Mount would have found a short cut to the Stockbridge advantageous. Charleton (1885, p. 241) says 'We still find the ancient stairs mentioned in the Millbank mss, quoted by Bourne, running up from Fishergate to the monastery gardens above'. The stairs referred to by Bourne may not be the Cobourg Stairs however. The earliest cartographic evidence which shows (but does not name) the stairs is Thompson's plan of 1746. The stairs have houses on their north side. The friary mount is occupied by gardens. The Cobourg Stairs gave access to the westernmost plots, Wall Knoll gave access to the easternmost ones. In 1736 Bourne (p. 108) describes 'those stairs beside Mr Green's house at Stockbridge which led up to the gardens there, and which, were it not a wall, would lead directly from this street to the remains of the monastery'. So the stairs could not be used as a through-route to Sallyport Tower. The Cobourg Stairs are not shown on Corbridge's map of 1723 or that in Bourne 1736. They might have been omitted as they only provided a small private access route. Thompson's plan shows a northerly bend at the east end of the Stairs. This bend has disappeared by Oliver's map of 1830, and the Stairs are now straight. The 126 inch OS map of 1861 shows a narrowing of the stairs on the south open side about two-thirds of the way up. The east end of the row of houses on the stairs were demolished. It therefore appears that the upper end of the Stairs was then straightened and lengthened eastwards. Hutton's map of 1770 shows a street which was later called factory Lane running parallel to the Stairs, with houses on the north side. Oliver's 1830 map shows the south sides of Factory Lane and Cobourg Stairs as built upon. The two routeways were linked by a short north-south street later known as Craig or Craik's Alley. The name Cobourg was first recorded in the 19th century. Wood's map of 1827 shows the Stairs as 'Coburgh Place'. Oliver 1830 calls it 'Cobourg Place, Stockbridge'. The street is listed in Hodgson's street directory of 1833/4. The adoption of a name for the Stairs implies that they were then regarded as an entity independent of Stockbridge and were connected with the early 19th century urban expansion on St. Michael's Mount.
Site Type: Broad
Pedestrian Transport Site
SITEDESC
The Cobourg Stairs opened off the south end of Stockbridge (HER 6623) and ran up St. Michael's Mount on a roughly east-west alignment. Almost all of this area was demolished around 1880-3 to make way for this embankment which carries City Road, but the lower part of the stairs still existed in 1972, the entrance being marked by a gap in the street frontage. It is possible that the Cobourg Stairs were medieval in origin. The Friary on the Mount would have found a short cut to the Stockbridge advantageous. Charleton (1885, p. 241) says 'We still find the ancient stairs mentioned in the Millbank mss, quoted by Bourne, running up from Fishergate to the monastery gardens above'. The stairs referred to by Bourne may not be the Cobourg Stairs however. The earliest cartographic evidence which shows (but does not name) the stairs is Thompson's plan of 1746. The stairs have houses on their north side. The friary mount is occupied by gardens. The Cobourg Stairs gave access to the westernmost plots, Wall Knoll gave access to the easternmost ones. In 1736 Bourne (p. 108) describes 'those stairs beside Mr Green's house at Stockbridge which led up to the gardens there, and which, were it not a wall, would lead directly from this street to the remains of the monastery'. So the stairs could not be used as a through-route to Sallyport Tower. The Cobourg Stairs are not shown on Corbridge's map of 1723 or that in Bourne 1736. They might have been omitted as they only provided a small private access route. Thompson's plan shows a northerly bend at the east end of the Stairs. This bend has disappeared by Oliver's map of 1830, and the Stairs are now straight. The 126 inch OS map of 1861 shows a narrowing of the stairs on the south open side about two-thirds of the way up. The east end of the row of houses on the stairs were demolished. It therefore appears that the upper end of the Stairs was then straightened and lengthened eastwards. Hutton's map of 1770 shows a street which was later called factory Lane running parallel to the Stairs, with houses on the north side. Oliver's 1830 map shows the south sides of Factory Lane and Cobourg Stairs as built upon. The two routeways were linked by a short north-south street later known as Craig or Craik's Alley. The name Cobourg was first recorded in the 19th century. Wood's map of 1827 shows the Stairs as 'Coburgh Place'. Oliver 1830 calls it 'Cobourg Place, Stockbridge'. The street is listed in Hodgson's street directory of 1833/4. The adoption of a name for the Stairs implies that they were then regarded as an entity independent of Stockbridge and were connected with the early 19th century urban expansion on St. Michael's Mount.
Site Name
Stockbridge, Cobourg Stairs
Site Type: Specific
Steps
HER Number
13623
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Eric Cambridge, 1972, The Cobourg Stairs, Newcastle upon Tyne in Archaeological Newsbulletin for Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland, No.2, September 1972, pp 4-6; R.J. Charleton, 1885, Old Newcastle Town, p 241; Bourne 1736; Isaac Thompson's map of Newcastle, 1746; Beilby's map of 1788; Thomas Oliver's map of Newcastle and Gateshead, 1831
YEAR1
2011
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
11324
DAY1
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
424490
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564860
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
In June 1970 the secretary of the RVI reported the discovery of a drain during the building of a new Children's Department on the corner of Queen Victoria Road and Richardson Road. The drain was square in section and the sides and cover slabs were well dressed stone. It appeared to run on a line from the lake in Castle Leazes to the School of Agriculture on the north side of St. Thomas Street. Clear water was still running through it. The drain was set in the clay subsoil. The layers of soil above it contained no datable material. It seems likely that this is part of the extensive drainage system recorded by Thomas Oliver on his map of the Town Moor and Castle Leazes in 1852.
Site Type: Broad
Watercourse
SITEDESC
In June 1970 the secretary of the RVI reported the discovery of a drain during the building of a new Children's Department on the corner of Queen Victoria Road and Richardson Road. The drain was square in section and the sides and cover slabs were well dressed stone. It appeared to run on a line from the lake in Castle Leazes to the School of Agriculture on the north side of St. Thomas Street. Clear water was still running through it. The drain was set in the clay subsoil. The layers of soil above it contained no datable material. It seems likely that this is part of the extensive drainage system recorded by Thomas Oliver on his map of the Town Moor and Castle Leazes in 1852.
Site Name
Royal Victoria Infirmary, stone drain
Site Type: Specific
Drain
HER Number
13622
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Barbara Harbottle, 1971, A stone drain, Ryal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle in Archaeological Newsbulletin for Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland, No. 12, Sept 1971, page 16
YEAR1
2011
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Clare Henderson
Crossref
6915
DAY1
18
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
424874
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564217
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
A well, around 5 feet in diameter and lined with stone blocks, had been found in the rear yard of Ward's Buildings. The well was filled in and covered by the foundations of a lift shaft.
Site Type: Broad
Water Storage Site
SITEDESC
K.T. Hall reported to the Tyne Industrial Archaeology Group that a well, around 5 feet in diameter and lined with stone blocks, had been found in the rear yard of Ward's Buildings. The well was filled in and covered by the foundations of a lift shaft.
Site Name
39 High Bridge, well
Site Type: Specific
Well
HER Number
13621
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
A. Ian Buchanan, 1971, A Well, High Bridge, Newcastle, in Archaeological Newsbulletin for Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland, No. 12, Sept 1971, page 16
YEAR1
2011
YEAR2
2020
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435920
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MATERIAL
Lead
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570480
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Marden
Description
A lead object was found in topsoil in 1966. It weighed about 3.5 ounces. A hole had been pierced through it. It measured 3/16 inches x 5/16 inches and tapers towards the front. It was decorated with a lion. The British Museum Catalogue for 1907 page 269 shows a similar object which has been identified as a weight from the old provinces of Languedoc and Guienne in southern France. Such weights can be bronze or lead. They were either a pound, half or quarter pound in weight. They generally date to the 14th century, but began in the 13th. The device on the front indicated the authority (ecclesiastical or secular) which exercised jurisdiction in the town or district where the weight was issued. A French weight might have ended up here due to priors of Norman ancestry being located at Tynemouth Priory.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
A lead object was found in topsoil in 1966. It weighed about 3.5 ounces. A hole had been pierced through it. It measured 3/16 inches x 5/16 inches and tapers towards the front. It was decorated with a lion. The British Museum Catalogue for 1907 page 269 shows a similar object which has been identified as a weight from the old provinces of Languedoc and Guienne in southern France. Such weights can be bronze or lead. They were either a pound, half or quarter pound in weight. They generally date to the 14th century, but began in the 13th. The device on the front indicated the authority (ecclesiastical or secular) which exercised jurisdiction in the town or district where the weight was issued. A French weight might have ended up here due to priors of Norman ancestry being located at Tynemouth Priory. Dated C14th.
Site Name
Beach Croft Avenue, lead object
Site Type: Specific
Balance Weight
HER Number
13620
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
Milburn Preston, 1971, A lead weight from Tynemouth, in Archaeological Newsbulletin for Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland, No. 11, 1971, page 15
YEAR1
2011
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1575
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
440400
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557400
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
In the early 19th century the Sunderland Improvement Commission authorised the supply of gas lighting for some of the town's streets to replace oil. The gas works were established in 1824 by the Sunderland Gas Light Company, on the east side of Low Street at the bottom of Beggar's Bank. In 1831 the Subscription Gas Corporation took over the gas works.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
In the early 19th century the Sunderland Improvement Commission authorised the supply of gas lighting for some of the town's streets to replace oil. The gas works were established in 1824 by the Sunderland Gas Light Company, on the east side of Low Street at the bottom of Beggar's Bank. In 1831 the Subscription Gas Corporation took over the gas works.
Site Name
Low Street, gas works
Site Type: Specific
Gas Works
HER Number
13619
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Dagmar Richardson, TWM Archaeology, 2011, The Former Hendon Gas Works Site, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment; A Brett, 1990, Sunderland People and Places; G. Cookson, 2010, Sunderland Building a City
YEAR1
2011
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
1575
DAY1
18
DAY2
31
District
Sunderland
Easting
440810
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MATERIAL
Iron
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555440
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hendon
Description
This dates to 1860 by Thomas Hawksley for the Sunderland Corporation Gas Company. Cast and wrought iron. Cylindrical iron piers have panelled decoration at junction with rails and on pointed finials. Telescopic gas holder with guide towers. This type of structure was invented in 1824 and had reached a great level of sophistication by the 1890s. This structure dates to the 1860s. The gas holder is a complete example with only minor and insignificant alterations to the original structure. Nationally there are four listed gas holders including this example.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
This dates to 1860 by Thomas Hawksley, a nationally significant architect/engineer, for the Sunderland Corporation Gas Company. Cast and wrought iron. Cylindrical iron piers have panelled decoration at junction with rails and on pointed finials {1}. Telescopic gas holder with guide towers. This type of structure was invented in 1824 and had reached a great level of sophistication by the 1890s. This structure dates to the 1860s. The gas holder is a complete example with only minor and insignificant alterations to the original structure. Nationally there are four listed gas holders including this example.
Site Name
Commercial Road, gas holder
Site Type: Specific
Gas Holder
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
13618
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Dagmar Richardson, TWM Archaeology, 2011, The Former Hendon Gas Works Site, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment; Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Historic or Architectural Interest 920-1/5/53; Archaeological Research Services Ltd. 2014, Gas Holder, Commercial Road, Hendon, Sunderland, Historic Buildings Recording
YEAR1
2011
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
440810
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Building
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MATERIAL
Concrete and brick
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555630
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Hendon
Description
The air raid shelter lies south-east of Jack Crawford House at Hendon Gas Works. It is above ground and is L-shaped. It is made of pre-fabricated concrete panels and has a brick skin on the inner east wall.
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
The air raid shelter lies south-east of Jack Crawford House at Hendon Gas Works. It is above ground and is L-shaped. It is made of pre-fabricated concrete panels and has a brick skin on the inner east wall.
Site Name
Hendon, Gas Works, air raid shelter
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
13617
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Dagmar Richardson, TWM Archaeology, 2011, The Former Hendon Gas Works Site, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment
YEAR1
2011
English, British
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
10
District
Newcastle
Easting
424990
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564470
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Shown on an insurance plan of Newcastle dated 1887. Site now occupied by Watson House and Norham House (HER 12901). The chambers were numbered nos. 2 to 34 and the block included numbers 1 to 11 Pilgrim Street. The chambers included offices, studios, a tailor (chambers 20-24), furniture warehouse (7 Pilgrim St), cycle sundries warehouse (2 Erick St) and a restaurant (9 and 11 Pilgrim St).
Site Type: Broad
Commercial Office
SITEDESC
Shown on an insurance plan of Newcastle dated 1887. Site now occupied by Watson House and Norham House (HER 12901). The chambers were numbered nos. 2 to 34 and the block included numbers 1 to 11 Pilgrim Street. The chambers included offices, studios, a tailor (chambers 20-24), furniture warehouse (7 Pilgrim St), cycle sundries warehouse (2 Erick St) and a restaurant (9 and 11 Pilgrim St). A photo of 1925 shows the corner shop as J.J. Grant, jeweller. The offices of Edward Watson, estate agent were above.
Site Name
New Bridge Street, New Bridge Chambers
Site Type: Specific
Commercial Office
HER Number
13616
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
Newcastle April 1887; Photo in Newcastle City Libraries, 1985, Gone but not forgotten 4 -Newcastle between the Wars, 3
YEAR1
2011
English, British
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
10
District
Newcastle
Easting
425000
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564420
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Shown on an insurance plan of Newcastle dated 1887. Site now covered by the Odeon Cinema and Commercial Union House. The Club a wine cellar and heater and boiler in the basement, stone stairs to the upper floors. The kitchen was on the first floor.
Site Type: Broad
Club
SITEDESC
Shown on an insurance plan of Newcastle dated 1887. Site now covered by the Odeon Cinema and Commercial Union House. The Club a wine cellar and heater and boiler in the basement, stone stairs to the upper floors. The kitchen was on the first floor.
Site Name
29 Pilgrim Street, Northern Conservative Club
Site Type: Specific
Political Club
HER Number
13615
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
Newcastle April 1887
YEAR1
2011
English, British
AREA_STAT
Scheduled Monument; World Heritage Site
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Clare Henderson
DAY1
05
DAY2
25
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436504
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567900
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
Two perforated spoons have been found at Arbeia. Such spoons are a wide range of shapes and designs and they may had had different purposes. Some examples have a very large hole in the bowl, some have two holes. Some have circular bowls, some have oval. Some have highly decorated terminals (like the Arbeia examples). At least 74 examples are known from Britain. The majority have been found in Yorkshire, some 47 from the caves around Settle and Giggleswick. These spoons are not known on the Continent and in Britain they are only found in the north. The spoons have been found in first and fourth century contexts. Were they still in use in the 4th century or were the finds just residual? Due to the holes, the 'spoons' would only be useful for stirring. They were originally thought to be 'spoon-shaped brooches' with the two ends threaded through 'button holes' in the cloth and a cord tied through the hole in the bowl. Later, the simple 'spoons' with large central hole and no fancy terminal, were suggested as a hair decoration. Other suggestions are that the 'spoons' were used for pulling out woollen thread prior to spinning or were children's toys.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
Two perforated spoons have been found at Arbeia. Such spoons are a wide range of shapes and designs and they may had had different purposes. Some examples have a very large hole in the bowl, some have two holes. Some have circular bowls, some have oval. Some have highly decorated terminals (like the Arbeia examples). At least 74 examples are known from Britain. The majority have been found in Yorkshire, some 47 from the caves around Settle and Giggleswick. These spoons are not known on the Continent and in Britain they are only found in the north. The spoons have been found in first and fourth century contexts. Were they still in use in the 4th century or were the finds just residual? Due to the holes, the 'spoons' would only be useful for stirring. They were originally thought to be 'spoon-shaped brooches' with the two ends threaded through 'button holes' in the cloth and a cord tied through the hole in the bowl. Later, the simple 'spoons' with large central hole and no fancy terminal, were suggested as a hair decoration. Other suggestions are that the 'spoons' were used for pulling out woollen thread prior to spinning or were children's toys.
Site Name
Arbeia Roman Fort, perforated spoons
Site Type: Specific
Spoon
HER Number
13614
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
Alex Croom, 2010, Finds spot: Perforated spoons, in Arbeia Magazine, Issue 41, 2010, pp 18-19; L. Allason-Jones, 1996, Roman military and domestic artefacts from Great Chesters, Archaeologia Aeliana, 5th Series, Vol. 24, pp 187-214; M.J. Dearne and T.C. Lord, 1998, The Romano-British Archaeology of Victoria Cave, Settle, BAR British Series 273