English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
421020
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563510
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
Delaval Colliery is shown on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it opened after 1858. The colliery had a firebrick works from 1873-1906, belonging to John O Scott. In 1900 it produced 5 million firebricks.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Delaval Colliery is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was opened after 1858. The colliery had a firebrick works from 1873-1906. It belonged to John O Scott. In 1900 it produced 5 million firebricks.
Site Name
Delaval Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4307
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4307 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
P.J. Davidson, 1986, Brickworks of the North East, pp 68-9,83
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
David Cockcroft
Crossref
4133
DAY1
12
DAY2
20
District
Newcastle
Easting
420050
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563740
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
Opened in 1831, the tollhouse building for Scotswood Bridge, located on the north bank of the River Tyne, is identified on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey mapping. A photograph from the Newcastle Photo Archive dating to the 1860s looks south across the Tyne towards the bridge shows the toll house buildings. Tolling of the Scotswood Bridge ended in the late 1940s and the toll house was demolished in the late 1960s as part of the construction of the current Scotswood Bridge.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
Opened in 1831, the tollhouse building for Scotswood Bridge, located on the north bank of the River Tyne, is identified on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey mapping. A photograph from the Newcastle Photo Archive dating to the 1860s looks south across the Tyne towards the bridge shows the toll house buildings. Tolling of the Scotswood Bridge ended in the late 1940s and the toll house was demolished in the late 1960s as part of the construction of the current Scotswood Bridge.
Site Name
Scotswood Bridge, Toll House
Site Type: Specific
Toll House
HER Number
4306
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4306 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
Correspondence from I. Farrier - Newcastle Photo Archive
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2023
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
DAY2
10
District
Newcastle
Easting
420190
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563690
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
A works was established at Scotswood by W illiam Armstrong in 1847 to produce his patented hydraulic cranes. This establishment developed into a substantial armaments works producing advanced ordnance developed by Armstrong. From 1867 the yard armed many of the warships built at the Low Walker Yard of Mitchell and Co. and in 1882, the companies amalgamated as Armstrong, Mitchell and Co. Ltd. In 1883, the newly amalgamated company established a naval yard for constructing warships next to Armstrong’s Ordnance Works and Mitchell's Low Walker Yard concentrated on the construction of merchant vessels. By 1912, the increasing size of warships necessitated the establishment of new a naval yard below the Tyne bridges at High Walker. The Scotswood works subsequently only handled uncompleted orders and a few submarines during World War One, with its final warship, the aircraft carrier Eagle, being launched in June 1918. In 1928, Armstrong, Mitchell partially merged with Vickers to form Vickers Armstrong Ltd. From this time, the High Walker Naval Yard traded under the name of this joint company, but the Low Walker Yard continued to trade under the title Armstrong Whitworth. This latter company also operated the former yards of William Dobson & Co and the Tyne Iron Shipbuilding Co Ltd. Voluntary liquidation of the yards within this Armstrong Mitchell group occurred in 1956.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
A Shipbuilding Yard, so was probably opened after 1858, as it is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping {1}. A works was established at Scotswood by William Armstrong in 1847 to produce his patented hydraulic cranes. This establishment developed into a substantial armaments works producing advanced ordnance developed by Armstrong. From 1867 the yard armed many of the warships built at the Low Walker Yard of Mitchell and Co. and in 1882, the companies amalgamated as Armstrong, Mitchell and Co. Ltd. In 1883, the newly amalgamated company established a naval yard for constructing warships next to Armstrong’s Ordnance Works and Mitchell's Low Walker Yard concentrated on the construction of merchant vessels.

By 1912, the increasing size of warships necessitated the establishment of new naval yard below Tyne bridges at High Walker. The Scotswood works subsequently only handled uncompleted orders and a few submarines during World War One, with its final warship, the aircraft carrier Eagle, being launched in June 1918.

In 1928, Armstrong, Mitchell partially merged with Vickers to form Vickers Armstrong Ltd. From this time, the High Walker Naval Yard traded under the name of this joint company, but the Low Walker Yard continued to trade under the title Armstrong Whitworth. This latter company also operated the former yards of William Dobson & Co and the Tyne Iron Shipbuilding Co Ltd. Voluntary liquidation of the yards within this Armstrong Mitchell group occurred in 1956 {2}.
Site Name
Sir W G Armstrong's Elswick Shipbuilding Yard
Site Type: Specific
Shipyard
HER Number
4305
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4305 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record.
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
420730
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563650
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
This Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Quarry, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Scotswood, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4304
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4304 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
420070
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564570
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Benwell
Description
This Air Shaft is shown on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was sunk after 1858. This exact position of the shaft is diffucult to ascertain from the available historic map evidence.
Site Type: Broad
Mine Drainage and Ventilation Site
SITEDESC
An Air Shaft, which is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was sunk after 1858. This shaft is not shown clearly on the 2nd edition OS mapping, but probably lay within a 100m radius of this grid reference.
Site Name
Benwell, Air Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Air Shaft
HER Number
4303
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4303 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
421360
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565790
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Fenham
Description
This Shaft is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Shaft marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Fenham, Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Mine Shaft
HER Number
4301
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4301 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
421420
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565880
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Fenham
Description
A 200 yard Rifle Range is shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is absent from the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Military Training Site
SITEDESC
A 200yd Rifle Range, which is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was opened after 1858.
Site Name
Fenham, Rifle Range
Site Type: Specific
Firing Range
HER Number
4300
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4300 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4064
DAY1
12
DAY2
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
419870
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563810
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
Around 1840 a Mr Gibson started a brick and tile works at Scotswood on the site of a former paper mill, using local clay. In 1880 the works were taken over by the Adams twin brothers, who traded as Adams & Company, making sanitary ware with fireclay from a local clay pit. By 1890 the works had a drift mine in Denton Dene and the Enamel Works had opened. In 1904 Moses J. Adams began making 'Adamesk' art pottery garden ornaments, bird baths, plant pots, vases, cemetery urns and church baptismal fonts and smaller household items, using fireclay and decorated with leadless glazes. The glazes were invented by one of the employees, A.B. Searle, the colours obtained by adding metallic salts. The use of a muffle kiln instead of a quicker tunnel kiln, allowed a longer period of heat, and more subtle colours. The production of Adamesk pottery ceased for the duration of World War One. In 1912 Alan H. Adams joined his father's firm, becoming director in 1921. He designed many of the shapes of the sanitary ware and created Elan pottery, pressed with his private mark ‘AHA’. He also designed ornamental tiles, plaques and busts. In the 1970s the firm was taken over by American, Jim Lee, but it went into liquidation a year later. In 1977 Anderson Ceramics bought some of the equipment and moulds and the use of the name ‘Adamsez’. Adamsez (Anderson Ceramics Limited) now trade at Dukesway, Team Valley and still produce sanitary wares.
Site Type: Broad
Pottery Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
An Enamelling and Glazing Works, which occupied the site of a former paper mill. This may also have been the site of Lister's Yard, which was leased from the Blackett-Ord family by Mr E R Lister in 1838. Around 1840 a Mr Gibson started a brick and tile works at Scotswood using local clay. In 1880 the works were taken over by the Adams twin brothers, as Adams and Company, making sanitary ware with fireclay from a local clay pit. By 1890 the works had a drift mine in Denton Dene and the Enamel Works had opened. In 1904 Moses J. Adams began making 'Adamesk' art pottery garden ornaments, bird baths, plant pots, vases, cemetery urns and church baptismal fonts and smaller household items, using fireclay and decorated with leadless glazes. The glazes were invented by one of the employees, A.B. Searle, the colours obtained by adding metallic salts. The use of a muffle kiln instead of a quicker tunnel kiln, allowed a longer period of heat, and more subtle colours. The production of Adamesk pottery stopped for WW1. In 1912 Alan H. Adams joined his father's firm and became director in 1921. He designed many of the shapes of the sanitary ware and created Elan pottery pressed with his private mark AHA. He also designed ornamental tiles, plaques and busts. In the 1970s the firm was taken over by American Jim Lee, but it went into liquidation a year later. In 1977 Anderson Ceramics bought some of the equipment and moulds and the use of the name Adamsez. Adamsez (Anderson Ceramics Limited) now trade at Dukesway, Team Valley and still produce sanitary ware. The site was leased from the Blackett-Ord family in 1838 by Mr E R Lister. He opened out a drift mine to work coal and fireclay, and manufacture fireclay goods. There appears to have been a High Yard and Low Yard. The works were taken over by Mr W Colville-Gibson in 1872 and by 1890 the firm was working a drift mine at Denton Dene and enamel works at the Low Yard (Scotswood?). Firebricks were made as well as white glazed bricks, facing bricks and ornamental garden ware; the firm’s trademark was a salmon. The Scotswood enamel works was run by the Adams family in 1903 but the name Gibson was retained up to 1920. Date: 1838 – 19??
19th/20th Century Fireclay works and enamel works
Source: Davison, P J, 1986. Brickworks of the North East, 68 site 29(?), 84
Site Name
Enamelling and Glazing Works/Adamsez Works
Site Type: Specific
Pottery Works
HER Number
4298
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4298 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
P.J. Davidson, 1986, Brickworks of the North East, pp 68-9
T. Quinn, 1991, Bygone Scotswood
P.J. Davidson, 1986, Brickworks of the North East, pp 68-9
R.C. Bell, 1986, Maling and other Tyneside Pottery
Tyne and Wear County Council, 1981, Maling - A Tyneside Pottery
R.C. Bell, 1971, Tyneside Pottery
R.C. Bell & M.A.V. Gill, 1973, The Potteries of Tyneside
F. Buckley, 1929, Potteries on the Tyne and Other Northern Potteries during the C188, Archaeologia Aeliana, series 4, p68-82
D.K. Gray, 1985, Introduction to Maling
S. Moore & C. Ross, 1989, Maling, The Trademark of Excellence
J.T. Shaw, 1973, The Potteries of Wearside
Benwell Community Project, 1980, Adamsez - The Story of a Factory Closure, Final Report Series, No.8
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2003
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
419490
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564100
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
Montague Fire Brick Works, also known as Benson's Yard, was in operation from 1865-1925.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Montague Fire Brick Works, also known as Benson's Yard, this site was working from 1865-1925.
Site Name
Montague Fire Brick Works/Bensons Yard
Site Type: Specific
Fire Clay Works
HER Number
4297
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4297 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
P.J. Davidson, 1986, Brickworks of the North East, pp 68-9
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
4046
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
419230
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564370
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Lemington
Description
A Brickworks is shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, possibly replacing the smaller Brickfield shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
A Brickworks, possibly replacing the brickfield shown on the 1st edition OS mapping which occupied part of the site. Located just west of Mr Carr’s yard. It made firebricks, flue bricks, quarls, and sold fireclay. The yard had closed by 1873.
Source: Davison, P J, 1986. Brickworks of the North East, 140
*(possibly the same as SMR4296)
Site Name
Bell's Close, brickworks
Site Type: Specific
Brickworks
HER Number
4296
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4296 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994