The vicus "extended along the north bank of the river, Horsley noting buildings on the slope between the south rampart and the Tyne, and also south-west of the fort". Birley was more specific, saying that a very extensive civil settlement had existed within the angle between the Wall and fort stretching nearly half a mile westward along the Military Way. He added that traces of 2 or 3 streets had been noted, and evidence of industrial activity, including a probable potter's kiln. It should, however, be noted that recent excavations outside the fort to the west at NZ 299 658/9 have not provided evidence of Roman occupation, either because it had been destroyed or because it had never been there. Over the years there have been from this area many random finds of coins, metalwork, querns, animal bones and Roman pottery, including a large part of a samian bowl (SMR 811-829). Defensive ditches and a possible earth bank formed the western boundary of the vicus some 65m from the fort and the Branch Wall from fort to Tyne formed the eastern boundary. Excavations in advance of a new dry dock at Swan Hunter's Shipyard in 2002, revealed a sequence of banks and ditches 75m south of the fort, forming elements of a defensive cordon most probably defining the south side of the vicus. These lay parallel to the Roman riverbank, some 160m north of the modern highwater mark. Breeze (2006) says that the ditches, dug in the third century and re-cut, terminate in a butt end, suggesting an access point to the river. The civil settlement appears to have been abandoned by the 270s. A timber building was found outside the east gate of the fort, north of Hadrian's Wall. This was demolished to make way for a road in the early third century.
An evaluation in 2013 by PCA recorded Roman remains south and east of Segedunum comprising of truncated features cutting into natural clay. Features included a possible robbed out wall from which ceramic building material and Roman pottery were recovered. A substantial ditch, possibly a roadside ditch, was located on the south side of Buddle Street. The area between Buddle Street and the dismantled railway has been classed as having medium potential for Roman archaeology along with the area at the north of the former wet and dry dock at Swan Hunter. Evaluation by PCA in Segedunum car park encountered 2nd century defensive ditches (partially excavated in 1997) 0.7-0.8m bgl.

The precise location of the mill is unknown. Willington mill is mentioned in 1299, but from 1358 it is known as the mill of Willington and Wallsend, and in 1378 it is described as the windmill of Wallsend, on a repairing lease at 3 p.a. In 1381 this arrangement was changed, the tenant finding the sails and cogs, and paying 2, and the lord providing the great timber and the millstones. In 1382 the tenants of both Wallsend and Willington were reminded that they must grind at this mill or pay 0.5 mark fine, and in 1384 the miller was told to grind his neighbours' corn at convenient times or be fined. In 1464 the windmill was said to be waste. After a gap of some years it reappears as a watermill, being waste in 1536-7. Dated C13th.

Prominent ridge and furrow occupies the western third of Heworth golf course. Its significance is not clear. It has been recorded under Follingsby for the time being since this - if it really existed - appears to have been the nearest medieval settlement. However, according to the OS 1st ed., the area of the ridge and furrow was not in any other one township, but was instead in territory called "Hedworth Detached". It is just possible this was the result of the enclosure of common (but which?), or possibly a carve-up of Follingsby. Yet again, Hylton territory 1539-1750.

With Willington, Wallsend is supposed to have been part of Bishop Walcher's gift to Durham Priory in 1072: it is certainly included in Henry II's confirmation charter. There is little information about the size of the medieval settlement, though in 1539 there were 2 cottages and 7 leaseholders, interpreted in the NCH as the early representatives of the township's 7 farms which survived at least as late as 1800. The site of the village is high up on the south side of the Wallsend Burn, the buildings being arranged around a very large green, and the whole - even today - retains its sub-circular shape. By the time of the Tithe Award of 1841 there were still 3 farms on the south side of the green, and 4 "mansion houses" on both north and south sides. The buildings on the south side have been replaced in the last 50 years or so. An archaeological evaluation in 2005 on land adjacent to No. 205 Park Road failed to record any archaeological remains. Dated C11th.

There is a spoil heap and at least one feature which resembles a bell pit postdating the ridge and furrow on the east side of Brierdene farm.

South of the main road through Killingworth there is a small field (NZ 2830 7075) containing ridge and furrow, c. 20 north-south ridges. The Terrier of 1373 includes a long list of selions, with acreages and occupiers. There would surely be considerable merit in analysing this, and seeing whether the holdings could be located.

In 1242 Killingworth, with other nearby townships, was held by Roger de Merlay III. There were 9 taxpayers in 1296, 8 in 1312. In a detailed survey of the whole township in 1373 16 tenements are listed, with the names of the owners or occupiers. Killingworth Moor was enclosed in 1793. In the mid 19th century Killingworth was still a long 2-row village strung out to the west of the junction of the road from Backworth with that to Long Benton, though one terrace had appeared which might have resulted from mining development. Two or three farms survived on the north side of the street. It is still today identifiable as an early settlement, with a number of listed buildings, 18th century-19th century, stone, but there has been a lot of recent infilling of gaps and backlands. Dated C13th.

Rectilinear enclosure. MPP classification: Enclosure / Rectilinear / Symmetric / Rectangular ? / ? / straight sides 3 / corners curved 2 / ditch / masked / ? / no visible entrance / no visible internal features.

A linear feature showed as a cropmark between the above grid references. MPP classification: linear feature / single / straight / ? ditch / continuous / no visible entrance / unlikely to be part of a linear system or enclosure. Geophysical survey in 2015 confirmed that this 'feature' was a gas pipe.

Ridge and furrow survives as both earthworks and cropmarks in the fields, and park of Backworth Hall, on all sides of the village. That south of the hall under the golf course is particularly good, - 60 N-S ridges lying on the N side of 24 E-W ones, with a prominent N-S headland dividing them up into 4 unequal blocks. A map of 1809 provides the field names, and one of 1822 the farm names. NZ 299 724 Rye Hill and Neat/Night Close, Backworth Middle Farm. NZ 299 721 New Park, Backworth Hall Farm. NZ 299 720 Quarry Close, Rushie Close, Captain's Field, Backworth Hall Farm. NZ 300 716 Four Nook'd Close, Captain's Close, Backworth Hall Farm. NZ 295 715 Castle Field, Backworth Castle Farm. NZ 303 724 High East Field, Backworth East Farm. Low earthworks representing medieval ridge and furrow were recorded by Alan Williams to the north of Middle Farm. The earthworks were approximately 5-6m wide. These earthworks were removed as part of a development but further earthworks remain to the north and west of the farm.