Stella North Power Station was built in the early 1950s in conjunction with Stella South Power Station (HER1705) and stood opposite to it on the north bank of the Tyne at Newburn. The four cooling towers to the south of the main buildings were 240ft high. Both power stations are shown on the Ordnance Survey 1967 map and were demolished in the 1990s.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Stella North Power Station was built in the early 1950s in conjunction with Stella South Power Station (HER1705) and stood opposite to it on the north bank of the Tyne at Newburn. The four cooling towers to the south of the main buildings were 240ft high. Both power stations are shown on the Ordnance Survey 1967 map and were demolished in the 1990s.
Site Name
Stella North Power Station
Site Type: Specific
Power Station
HER Number
19135
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey 1:10560 map, sheet NZ16SE - A 1967
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
DAY1
07
District
Sunderland
Easting
435692
Grid ref figure
10
HISTORY_TOPIC
Civil War
LANDUSE
Built Over
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556147
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Pennywell
Description
During the construction of houses on the Pennywell Estate in March 1950, workers reported finding 'the bones of several bodies'. The Sunderland Antiquarian Society reported the find in their annual report (not yet reviewed for this HER entry). The burials were attributed to a Civil War action and were described in a letter by Joseph G Hayden to the Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette as 'men of medium build and in their late twenties'.
The find was in the local press again in 1954, when the depth of the skeletons was given as 'about 18 inches below the surface' and dated to October 1949. A field nearby was named as 'The Battlefield'.
The find was reviewed by Sunderland Global Media in early 2024, with images attributed to a newspaper article of the time, but this was not referenced and has not been located.
Site Type: Broad
Burial Pit
SITEDESC
During the construction of houses on the Pennywell Estate in March 1950, workers reported finding 'the bones of several bodies'. The Sunderland Antiquarian Society reported the find in their annual report (not yet reviewed for this HER entry). The burials were attributed to a Civil War action and were described in a letter by Joseph G Hayden to the Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette as 'men of medium build and in their late twenties'.
The find was in the local press again in 1954, when the depth of the skeletons was given as 'about 18 inches below the surface' and dated to October 1949. A field nearby was named as 'The Battlefield'.
The find was reviewed by Sunderland Global Media in early 2024, with images attributed to a newspaper article of the time, but this was not referenced and has not been located.
Site Name
Pennywell mass grave
Site Type: Specific
Burial Pit
HER Number
19134
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette - Saturday 25 March 1950; Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette - Friday 14 April 1950; Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette - Wednesday 19 April 1950; Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette - Tuesday 05 January 1954; https://sunderlandglobalmedia.org/when-a-historic-mass-grave-was-uncovered-in-pennywell/
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
Crossref
19132
DAY1
03
District
Newcastle
Easting
422724
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
575806
parish
Dinnington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Brenkley
Description
South Shotton Edge Cottage was listed Grade II in 1987 with the following description:
'House and outbuildings, early C19. Squared roughly-tooled stone with cut dressings; Welsh slate roof. House 2 storeys, 3 bays, symmetrical. Central renewed door in alternating-block surround; renewed 16-pane sash windows with slightly-projecting sills. Gable coping returned on deep footstones; stepped- and-banded end stacks. Contemporary single-storey outbuilding to left shows 2 similar windows and boarded double doors on left. Raised reverse-stepped coping to left gable; stepped-and-banded ridge stack. Set back to far left, pair of privies with boarded doors.
Originally built as stables/outbuildings to Red Lion Inn, with domestic accommodation at 1st floor level only.'
Site Type: Broad
Stable
SITEDESC
South Shotton Edge Cottage was listed Grade II in 1987 with the following description:
'House and outbuildings, early C19. Squared roughly-tooled stone with cut dressings; Welsh slate roof. House 2 storeys, 3 bays, symmetrical. Central renewed door in alternating-block surround; renewed 16-pane sash windows with slightly-projecting sills. Gable coping returned on deep footstones; stepped- and-banded end stacks. Contemporary single-storey outbuilding to left shows 2 similar windows and boarded double doors on left. Raised reverse-stepped coping to left gable; stepped-and-banded ridge stack. Set back to far left, pair of privies with boarded doors.
Originally built as stables/outbuildings to Red Lion Inn, with domestic accommodation at 1st floor level only.'
Site Name
South Shotton Edge Cottage and adjacent outbuildings
South Shotton Edge House was listed Grade II in 1987 with the following description:
'House, early C19. Tooled stone front, other walls roughly-squared stone; tooled-and-margined quoins and dressings; Welsh slate roof. 2 storeys, 3 bays, symmetrical. Central renewed door with overlight; 16-pane sash windows with slightly-projecting sills; all openings in alternating-block surrounds. Gable coping returned on deep footstones; stepped-and-banded end stacks. Similar door and fenestration to rear.
Formerly the Red Lion Inn, on the Great North Road.'
Site Type: Broad
Eating and Drinking Establishment
SITEDESC
South Shotton Edge House was listed Grade II in 1987 with the following description:
'House, early C19. Tooled stone front, other walls roughly-squared stone; tooled-and-margined quoins and dressings; Welsh slate roof. 2 storeys, 3 bays, symmetrical. Central renewed door with overlight; 16-pane sash windows with slightly-projecting sills; all openings in alternating-block surrounds. Gable coping returned on deep footstones; stepped-and-banded end stacks. Similar door and fenestration to rear.
Formerly the Red Lion Inn, on the Great North Road.'
This gully was excavated in advance of a proposed housing development. It had been previously radiocarbon dated to 162 calBC - 5 calAD. An 11.75m length of the gully oriented north-south was excavated, having been truncated by a furrow and later ploughing. It measured 0.70m wide and 0.21m deep and had concave sides and a concave base. It was interpreted as a component of a wider field system associated with a settlement elsewhere, as no associated features had been identified within the development area.
Site Type: Broad
Field System
SITEDESC
This gully was excavated in advance of a proposed housing development. It had been previously radiocarbon dated to 162 calBC - 5 calAD. An 11.75m length of the gully oriented north-south was excavated, having been truncated by a furrow and later ploughing. It measured 0.70m wide and 0.21m deep and had concave sides and a concave base. It was interpreted as a component of a wider field system associated with a settlement elsewhere, as no associated features had been identified within the development area.
Site Name
Stone Cellar Road, gully
Site Type: Specific
Field System
HER Number
19131
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
J McKelvey 2023 Land to the north of Stone Cellar Road, Usworth, Washington; Archaeological Excavation
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
Crossref
8471
DAY1
02
District
Sunderland
Easting
429622
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558766
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Usworth
Description
This carriageway was excavated in advance of a proposed housing development. It led east from Peareth Hall (Usworth House, HER 8471), built around 1750, through the grounds of the hall towards Great Usworth village. A 20m length of the carriageway was excavated and recorded. It was oriented ENE-WSW and constructed on a foundation of sandstone fragments with a line of kerb stones along each edge. These appeared to have been angled away from the carriageway surface, possibly to encourage water to run off it. The foundation was overlain by a compacted and worn metalled surface, also of sandstone. In places the carriageway had subsided slightly into former furrows. Repaired wheel ruts indicated a distance of 1.35m (4 foot 3 inches) between the carriage wheels.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
This carriageway was excavated in advance of a proposed housing development. It led east from Peareth Hall (Usworth House, HER 8471), built around 1750, through the grounds of the hall towards Great Usworth village. A 20m length of the carriageway was excavated and recorded. It was oriented ENE-WSW and constructed on a foundation of sandstone fragments with a line of kerb stones along each edge. These appeared to have been angled away from the carriageway surface, possibly to encourage water to run off it. The foundation was overlain by a compacted and worn metalled surface, also of sandstone. In places the carriageway had subsided slightly into former furrows. Repaired wheel ruts indicated a distance of 1.35m (4 foot 3 inches) between the carriage wheels.
Site Name
Peareth Hall (Usworth House) carriageway
Site Type: Specific
Carriageway
HER Number
19130
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
J McKelvey 2023 Land to the north of Stone Cellar Road, Usworth, Washington; Archaeological Excavation
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
DAY1
25
District
Newcastle
Easting
425691
Grid ref figure
10
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569150
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Longbenton
Description
Heathery Lane Cottages are shown (though not named) as a single block on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map on the northern side of the junction between Heathery Lane and Salter's Lane, within a small enclosure. Later maps show another building to the north (rear) of the cottages, which are shown as two dwellings each with a small garden area, enclosed by a larger area depicted as an orchard.
The cottages are built in randomly coursed sandstone ashlar with finely dressed quoins, window surrounds and cills, and a slate roof. An extension has been added at the western end in uncoursed squared rubble.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Heathery Lane Cottages are shown (though not named) as a single block on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map on the northern side of the junction between Heathery Lane and Salter's Lane, within a small enclosure. Later maps show another building to the north (rear) of the cottages, which are shown as two dwellings each with a small garden area, enclosed by a larger area depicted as an orchard.
The cottages are built in randomly coursed sandstone ashlar with finely dressed quoins, window surrounds and cills, and a slate roof. An extension has been added at the western end in uncoursed squared rubble.
Site Name
Heathery Lane Cottages
Site Type: Specific
House
HER Number
19129
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
First Edition Ordnance Survey map
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
CONDITION
Destroyed
DAY1
25
District
N Tyneside
Easting
425831
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568683
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Longbenton
Description
Benton West Farm is shown on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map as three ranges of buildings arranged around a courtyard open to the south, and a gingang on the exterior of the southwest range. Another small group of buildings lies to the southeast. Further small buildings were added in the late 19th and 20th centuries. The farm was demolished and built over with housing in the later 20th century.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Benton West Farm is shown on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map as three ranges of buildings arranged around a courtyard open to the south, and a gingang on the exterior of the southwest range. Another small group of buildings lies to the southeast. Further small buildings were added in the late 19th and 20th centuries. The farm was demolished and built over with housing in the later 20th century.
Site Name
Benton West Farm
Site Type: Specific
Farmstead
HER Number
19128
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey First Edition map
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
David Cockcroft
CONDITION
Destroyed
DAY1
24
District
Gateshead
Easting
416093
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560256
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Rowlands Gill
Description
Garesfield halt was constructed with the redirection of the Garesfield and Chopwell railway between 1898 and 1914. This comprised a large loading building and associated cottages which remained in use until the closure of the railway in 1961.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Garesfield halt was constructed with the redirection of the Garesfield and Chopwell railway between 1898 and 1914. This comprised a large loading building and associated cottages which remained in use until the closure of the railway in 1961.
Site Name
Garesfield halt, Garesfield and Chopwell Railway
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
19127
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
rdnance Survey Second Edition map
Historic England Aerial Photographs Collection - https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/archive/collections/aerial-photos/record/EPW043808
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
David Cockcroft
CONDITION
Destroyed
DAY1
24
District
Gateshead
Easting
416159
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560220
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Rowlands Gill
Description
Garesfield farmstead is shown on the Ordnance Survey First Edition mapping. The main farm comprises a core range of buildings, broadly aligned east to west, with north to south extensions which enclose a central farmyard. The farm was extended and a set of outbuildings were consolidated into an additional extension by the publication of the Ordnance Survey Second Edition mapping. Aerial photographs of the site from 1934 indicate that the farm was extant but it was not depicted on post-War mapping and recent aerial photography from 2000 onward indicates that Garesfield had been abandoned and falling to decay for some time.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Garesfield farmstead is shown on the Ordnance Survey First Edition mapping. The main farm comprises a core range of buildings, broadly aligned east to west, with north to south extensions which enclose a central farmyard. The farm was extended and a set of outbuildings were consolidated into an additional extension by the publication of the Ordnance Survey Second Edition mapping. Aerial photographs of the site from 1934 indicate that the farm was extant but it was not depicted on post-War mapping and recent aerial photography from 2000 onward indicates that Garesfield had been abandoned and falling to decay for some time.
Site Name
Garesfield farmstead
Site Type: Specific
Farmstead
HER Number
19126
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey First Edition map
Ordnance Survey Second Edition map
Historic England Aerial Photographs Collection - https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/archive/collections/aerial-photos/record/EPW043808