English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
208, 5266
DAY1
10
District
Newcastle
Easting
421600
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564700
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Benwell
Description
Altar, 7 x 11 inches with plain sides found in, or before, 1789 in the north part of Benwell Fort, possibly on the site of a temple. Now at the Society of Antiquaries, London. DEO M/ARTI V/ICTOR(I) VIND(EX) U(OTUM) S(OLUIT) 'To the god Mars Victor, Vindex fulfilled his vow'.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
Altar, 7 x 11 inches with plain sides found in, or before, 1789 in the north part of Benwell Fort, possibly on the site of a temple. Now at the Society of Antiquaries, London. DEO M/ARTI V/ICTOR(I) VIND(EX) U(OTUM) S(OLUIT) 'To the god Mars Victor, Vindex fulfilled his vow'.
Site Name
Benwell Fort (Condercum), Altar
Site Type: Specific
Altar
HER Number
5296
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5296 >> R.G. Collingwood & R.P. Wright, 1965, Roman Inscriptions of Britain I, Inscriptions in Stone, p 441 no. 1333
M.J.T. Lewis, 1966, Temples in Roman Britain, p 120
J. Brand, 1789, A History of Newcastle upon Tyne, p 606
C. Bruce, 1853, Handbook to the Roman Wall, second edition, p111
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
06
District
Gateshead
Easting
423340
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ25NW
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555200
parish
Lamesley
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Kibblesworth
Description
Rifle range and 200, 500 and 600 yard positions shown on Ordnance Survey third edition of 1915. The fourth edition map shows only the bank behind the targets. A site visit in 1992 showed that the brick lined pit from which the targets were raised and lowered is in fact still present as well as the "stop bank" behind. Although the sides of the pit were beginning to cave in, the whole site remains relatively complete and even includes baulks of wood sticking out of the west side of the pit, possibly the remains of the wooden framework to which the targets were attached. The lead core of a .303 bullet was found in the stop bank. There is a small windowless brick and concrete building with a steel door in the wooded area. This is probably an ammunition store for the rifle range. The rifle range was most likely set up by the Beamish Rifle Volunteers who were absorbed into 8th Battalion D.L.I Territorials around 1910. It is probably pre WW1 because at their longest, WW1 ranges were only 500 yards, due to regulations. Similar examples in Barnard Castle and Durham.
Site Type: Broad
Military Training Site
SITEDESC
Rifle range and 200, 500 and 600 yard positions shown on OS third edition of 1915. The fourth edition map shows only the bank behind the targets. A site visit in 1992 showed that the brick lined pit from which the targets were raised and lowered is in fact still present as well as the "stop bank" behind. Although the sides of the pit were beginning to cave in, the whole site remains relatively complete and even includes baulks of wood sticking out of the west side of the pit, possibly the remains of the wooden framework to which the targets were attached. The lead core of a .303 bullet was found in the stop bank. There is a small windowless brick and concrete building with a steel door in the wooded area. This is probably an ammunition store for the rifle range. The rifle range was most likely set up by the Beamish Rifle Volunteers who were absorbed into 8th Battalion D.L.I Territorials around 1910. It is probably pre WW1 because at their longest, WW1 ranges were only 500 yards, due to regulations. Similar examples in Barnard Castle and Durham.
Site Name
Kibblesworth, Rifle Range
Site Type: Specific
Firing Range
HER Number
5295
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5295 >> B. Harbottle, 1992, Scope of evidence
3rd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1915
Pers. Comm. Steve Shennan, 1992, DLI
SURVIVAL
80-90%
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
977
DAY1
06
District
Gateshead
Easting
423400
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ25NW
MAP2
NZ25SW
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555700
parish
Lamesley
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Kibblesworth
Description
Before the 19th century enclosures, this area was divided into different areas of common land, including Kibblesworth Common and Beamish East Moor (see HER 977). The boundary between the Common and Moor ran northwards from the River Team, following a stream. The boundary was marked out with boundary stones, some of which remain in-situ. Some of these have been identifed (such as KC38 at NZ 2341 5488 and KC25 at NZ 2267 5629). Many more may still lie hidden in the undergrowth. The stream valley and its stones are a physical record of the boundary dispute concerning these two commons at the time of the 19th century enclosures. The disputes over precise boundaries caused the delay between the Enclosure Act of 1801 and the Enclosure Award of 1818.
SITEASS
This site was under threat of opencast mining some years ago. Permission was refused partly on the grounds that it contained an important section of stream boundary with marker stones between two pre-enclosure commons and also because the surrounding landscape and field boundaries is largely unaltered from the Enclosure Act of 1818. If this area was under threat of development again, a full archaeological survey of the stones would be required.
Site Type: Broad
Boundary
SITEDESC
Before the 19th century enclosures, this area was divided into different areas of common land, including Kibblesworth Common and Beamish East Moor (see SMR 977). The boundary between the Common and Moor ran northwards from the River Team, following a stream. The boundary was marked out with boundary stones, some of which remain in-situ. Some of these have been identified (such as KC38 at NZ 2341 5488 and KC25 at NZ 2267 5629). Many more may still lie hidden in the undergrowth. The stream valley and its stones are a physical record of the boundary dispute concerning these two commons at the time of the 19th century enclosures. The disputes over precise boundaries caused the delay between the Enclosure Act of 1801 and the Enclosure Award of 1818.
Site Name
Kibblesworth Common, boundary stones
Site Type: Specific
Boundary Stone
HER Number
5294
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5294 >> B. Harbottle, 1992, Scope of evidence
1818, Plan of Blackburn Fell, Enclosure Award
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1850 map
SURVIVAL
40-59%
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Education
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Good
DAY1
06
District
N Tyneside
Easting
430790
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566790
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Wallsend
Description
Wallsend grammar school, that is the present annexe to the main school building on Boyd Road, was built in 1913. The later County Technical School was added in 1959. The former grammar school building underwent refurbishment in 1987. The whole complex then became Burnside Community School. There are few sources documenting the developmental history of the building and the architects plans of the school do not appear to have survived. The buildings were not considered of sufficient historical merit to warrant listing. They have a number of significant architectural features including moulded brickwork door surrounds, Corinthian pillars and decorative brickwork and the grammar school entrance, an internal balcony surrounding the central hall, and decorative round windows.
SITEASS
Due for demolition [2003].
Site Type: Broad
School
SITEDESC
Wallsend grammar school, that is the present annexe to the main school building on Boyd Road, was built in 1913. The later County Technical School was added in 1959. The former grammar school building underwent refurbishment in 1987. The whole complex then became Burnside Community School. There are few sources documenting the developmental history of the building and the architects plans of the school do not appear to have survived. The buildings were not considered of sufficient historical merit to warrant listing. They have a number of significant architectural features including moulded brickwork door surrounds, Corinthian pillars and decorative brickwork and the grammar school entrance, an internal balcony surrounding the central hall, and decorative round windows.
Site Name
Burnside School
Site Type: Specific
Grammar School
HER Number
5293
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 5293 >> The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Burnside School, Wallsend
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Sunderland
Easting
438100
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555500
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Sunderland
Description
Surviving semi subterranean air raid shelter in grounds of the Children's Centre on Durham Road. It is half built into an earthen bank.
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
Surviving semi subterranean air raid shelter in grounds of the Children's Centre on Durham Road. It is half built into an earthen bank.
Site Name
Durham Road, Children's Centre, Air Raid Shelter
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
5292
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5292 >> Pers. Comm. M. Lowe, 2002, City of Sunderland
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2003
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Sunderland
Easting
440000
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556800
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Sunderland
Description
Surviving subterranean air raid shelter in grounds of Tavistock House.
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
Surviving subterranean air raid shelter in grounds of Tavistock House.
Site Name
Tatham Street, Tavistock House, Air Raid Shelter
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
5291
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5291 >> Pers. Comm. M. Lowe, 2002, City of Sunderland
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2003
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Health and Welfare
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
417070
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566390
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Walbottle
Description
According to local tradition a Roman bath house was found in the garden of Walbottle House in the 1930s and reburied without record.
SITEASS
Are there any records of this find?
Site Type: Broad
Bath House
SITEDESC
According to local tradition a Roman bath house was found in the garden of Walbottle House in the 1930s and reburied without record.
Site Name
Walbottle, possible Roman bath house
Site Type: Specific
Bath House
HER Number
5290
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5290 >> Pers. Comm. M. Roberts, English Heritage, 2002, letter to Newcastle City Council
YEAR1
2003
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Fair
DAY1
03
District
Sunderland
Easting
439710
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556010
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Sunderland
Description
Park Hall was built in the 1870s on land previously owned by the Mowbray family as part of their West Hendon estate. Ashbrooke became a suburb of large well-to-do shipbuilder's villas with formal gardens. These houses were decorated with extensive ceiling and woodwork decoration. Park Hall was converted into student accomodation and a 20th century extension was added. The building is constructed of orange brick with basement, quoins and dressings in sandstone ashlar and blue slate roof. It is built in an eclectic style that combines elements of Queen Anne and Arts and Crafts influences. Inside there is an impressive dogleg stair, elaborate plaster cornice, panelled dado, Adams-style fireplace, plaster wall panels.
SITEASS
Proposed for demolition [2003].
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Park Hall was built in the 1870s on land previously owned by the Mowbray family as part of their West Hendon estate. Ashbrooke became a suburb of large well-to-do shipbuilder's villas with formal gardens. These houses were decorated with extensive ceiling and woodwork decoration. Park Hall was converted into student accommodation and a 20th century extension was added. The building is constructed of orange brick with basement, quoins and dressings in sandstone ashlar and blue slate roof. It is built in an eclectic style that combines elements of Queen Anne and Arts and Crafts influences. Inside there is an impressive dogleg stair, elaborate plaster cornice, panelled dado, Adams-style fireplace, plaster wall panels.
Site Name
Park Hall or House, The Cloisters
Site Type: Specific
Town House
HER Number
5289
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 5289 >> The Archaeological Practice, 2003, Park Hall, Ashbrooke, Sunderland, Photographic Record
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2003
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Poor
DAY1
03
District
Newcastle
Easting
424440
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564110
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
Charlotte Square, built by William Newton in 1770, was the first housing development associated with a garden square in Newcastle. It was built to provide accomodation for the 'respectable' members of society. The square was presumably named after Charlotte, the Queen and wife of George III. William Newton had been granted a lease by the Council in 1769 to build houses on the western side of Ratton Row, on Benny Chesses Close (a garden) and part of the yard of the Tanner's Company. Trees appear to have been planted around the edge of the square. The Ordnance Survey first edition map shows a layout of four paths around the edge of a rectangular garden, with two curved flowerbeds at the western corners. A plan of 1866 shows four flowerbeds. The second edition Ordnance Survey shows shrubs across the whole site. Cross Street had been widened by 1879 due to the introduction of a tram system. The Charlotte Square garden was therefore reduced in size, probably replanted and had new railings installed. The present railings around the garden look mostly 19th century in date. The dwarf walls into which the railings are set probably date to the time when the garden was replanted. The east side of the garden was further interrupted by the construction of what is now Caxton House. An electricity substation was built in 1942. There have been toilets in the garden since 1859. No engravings or paintings of Charlotte Square have been found. William Newton's plan has not been located. The earliest description appears to be by Brand in 1789.
SITEASS
The garden is in poor condition mostly due to anti social behaviour, misuse and neglect. Proposed for renovation in 2003. A watching brief during renovation work in 2004 found no evidence of the original Georgian garden layout, but medieval and post medieval pottery was collected. A large air raid shelter (HER 7071) almost filled the space, and this had destroyed the archaeological deposits.
Site Type: Broad
Urban Space
SITEDESC
Charlotte Square, built by William Newton in 1770, was the first housing development associated with a garden square in Newcastle. It was built to provide accommodation for the 'respectable' members of society. The square was presumably named after Charlotte, the Queen and wife of George III. William Newton had been granted a lease by the Council in 1769 to build houses on the western side of Raton Row, on Benny Chesses Close (a garden) and part of the yard of the Tanner's Company. Trees appear to have been planted around the edge of the square. The 1st edition Ordnance Survey map shows a layout of four paths around the edge of a rectangular garden, with two curved flowerbeds at the western corners. A plan of 1866 shows four flowerbeds. The second edition Ordnance Survey shows shrubs across the whole site. Cross Street had been widened by 1879 due to the introduction of a tram system. The Charlotte Square garden was therefore reduced in size, probably replanted and had new railings installed. The present railings around the garden look mostly19th century in date. The dwarf walls into which the railings are set probably date to the time when the garden was replanted. The east side of the garden was further interrupted by the construction of what is now Caxton House. An electricity substation was built in 1942. There have been toilets in the garden since 1859. No engravings or paintings of Charlotte Square have been found. William Newton's plan has not been located. The earliest description appears to be by Brand in 1789. Newcastle's second town square (the first, Hanover Square of the 1720s was never finished).
Site Name
Charlotte Square, garden
Site Type: Specific
Square
HER Number
5288
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5288 >> F. Green, 2002, Analysis of Historic Landscape at Charlotte Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, Unpublished report; E. Heatherington, Structural Engineer, Newcastle City Council, 2002, Ground Investigation on site at Charlotte Square, Grainger Town, Unpublished report; G. McCombie, 2001, The Historical Development of Charlotte Square, Unpublished report; J. Brand, 1789, The History and Antiquity of the Town of Newcastle upon Tyne…; N. Pevsner and I. Richmond, second edition revised by G. McCombie, P. Ryder and H. Welfare, 1992, The Buildings of England: Northumberland; C. Hutton, 1770, A Plan of Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead; T. Oliver, 1830, Plan of Newcastle and Gateshead; 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1850; 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1894; F. Green, 1995, A Guide to the Historic Parks and Gardens in Tyne and Wear; F. Garrett, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2004, Charlotte Square, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological Watching Brief; Grace McCombie, 2009, Newcastle and Gateshead - Pevsner Architectural Guide, p. 14
SURVIVAL
60-79%
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Sunderland
Easting
439940
EASTING2
4011
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MAP2
NZ45NW
MONTH1
02
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
557660
NORTHING2
5766
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Monkwearmouth
Description
The Corder Manuscripts make reference to Meeting Hill "west one of the four ballast hills on Williamson land… estimated by the inhabitants as 1000 feet high". There was apparently a Baptist meeting house on the summit of this hill. Meeting Hill was cleared and levelled in 1833 for new streets. Palmer's Hill was an accumulation of ballast on the eastern side of Meeting Hill, on which there was a large square house, lived in by Peter Haswell, a sawyer. The 'fine old house' on the southeast slope of Palmer's Hill belonged to the Freemasons, and later became a school. Corder also mentions that a ship was built on Palmer's Hill in 1840 (shipyard HER 2733). In 1860 John Dickinson's engineworks were built (HER 5286). During the construction process the Palmer's Hill ballast hill was levelled and 6000 cartloads of ballast were removed. The ballast hills are shown on Lewin's plan of Monkwearmouth of 1714, as 'Sir William's ballast ground' on Burleigh and Thompson's 1737 map and Buck's Ichnography of 1740s. By Garbutt's map of 1817, several buildings have been built amongst the ballast hills. On Wood's map of 1826 a road, later to become Palmer's Hill Road, runs between two ballast hills, both of which have buildings on their flattened summits. By Robson's map of 1844, the northern most ballast hill has been levelled. The Ordnance Survey second edition hints at underlying ballast deposits through the use of hachures.
SITEASS
The remaining depth of the ballast deposits is not known, archaeological investigations thus far have demonstrated a depth of 2.5m or more. Archaeological features may be sealed beneath the ballast.
Site Type: Broad
Ballast Hill
SITEDESC
The Corder Manuscripts make reference to Meeting Hill "west one of the four ballast hills on Williamson land… estimated by the inhabitants as 1000ft high". There was apparently a Baptist meeting house on the summit of this hill. Meeting Hill was cleared and levelled in 1833 for new streets. Palmer's Hill was an accumulation of ballast on the eastern side of Meeting Hill, on which there was a large square house, lived in by Peter Haswell, a sawyer. The 'fine old house' on the southeast slope of Palmer's Hill belonged to the Freemasons, and later became a school. Corder also mentions that a ship was built on Palmer's Hill in 1840 (shipyard SMR 2733). In 1860 John Dickinson's engine works were built (SMR 5286). During the construction process the Palmer's Hill ballast hill was levelled and 6000 cartloads of ballast were removed. The ballast hills are shown on Lewin's plan of Monkwearmouth of 1714, as 'Sir William's ballast ground' on Burleigh and Thompson's 1737 map and Samuel Buck's Ichnography of the 1740s. By Garbutt's map of 1817, several buildings have been built amongst the ballast hills. On Wood's map of 1826 a road, later to become Palmer's Hill Road, runs between two ballast hills, both of which have buildings on their flattened summits. By Robson's map of 1844, the northern most ballast hill has been levelled. The 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map hints at underlying ballast deposits through the use of hachures.
Site Name
Monkwearmouth, Ballast Hills
Site Type: Specific
Ballast Hill
HER Number
5287
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5287 >> Corder, The Corder Manuscripts, Sunderland Library Local Studies
Lewin, 1714, Plan of the manor of Monkwearmouth
Burleigh & Thompson, 1737, Map of Sunderland
Buck, 1740, Buck's Ichnography
Garbutt, 1817, Map of Sunderland
Wood, 1826, Map of Sunderland
Robson, 1844, Map of Sunderland
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1897
T. Frain, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2003, Charles Street, Sunderland, Archaeological Assessment;
YEAR1
2003