Incomplete cross-shaft, in 2 pieces now re-united, in soft yellow sandstone. Mutilated and worn. A (broad): 3 panels of interlace enclosed in an outer flat-band and inner roll moulding. B (narrow): Redressed. C (broad): Panel of plant-scroll; and a split plait; with part of a double flat-band moulding on the right edge. D (narrow): 2 panels of interlace surrounded by single flat-band moulding. Recut at top, and recut base broken. 81.5 cm high x 36.5 cm wide x 13.5 cm deep. Last quarter of C9 to first quarter of C10. Found in 1969 in the archaeological excavations reused in the foundations of the east range of the medieval monastery. Dated C9-10th.

Incomplete cross-shaft, in 2 joining pieces, in medium-grained yellow sandstone. It has deteriorated considerably in the recent past, and for the detail one must now refer to a plaster cast in the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, Edinburgh. A (broad): Three panels of interlace framed by double roll moulding.³ B (narrow): Damaged remains of interlace, continuous pattern E. C (broad): No evidence. D (narrow): Interlace, 2.5 registers of pattern E (from plaster cast) 75.5 cm high x 41>39 cm wide x 13 cm (est.) deep. First half of C10. It was found built into the north wall of the C11 tower at the time of the 1866 restoration, and was rebuilt into the inside of the east wall of the north porch of the church. Dated C10th.

Upper fragment of a cross-shaft in medium-grained yellow sandstone. Only one face and the fragment of another survive. The cutting is deep but surface detail worn. A (broad): Inhabited scroll, with two small quadrupeds, framed in double flat-band moulding. D (narrow): Plant scroll within a double-roll moulding. 21 cm high x 28.5 cm wide x 8 cm deep. First half of the C8. Found October 1936 c. 300 yds SE of the church near the N abutment of Old Don Bridge during excavations for sand on the site of the Old Bridge Inn. Perhaps originally from the E perimeter of the monastery, either in the lay burial ground or at the entrance from the S overland route. Dated C8th.

Incomplete cross-shaft, in medium-grained massive yellow sandstone. Two faces survive, broken but unworn, with plant scroll enclosed by a flat-band moulding. 26 cm high x 24.2 cm wide x 16.5 cm max. deep. Second half of the C8. Found before 1899 outside the churchyard south-west of the church. Dated C8th.

In 681 King Ecgfrid granted 40 hides of land to Benedict Biscop on which to build a monastery. Ceolfrid and 22 brothers (12 tonsured and 10 lay bretheren, maybe craftsmen) were sent from Wearmouth to form a community. King Ecgfrid marked out the position of the altar. The church was dedicated to St. Paul on 23 April 685. The dedication stone is still extant in the church (earliest such inscription for an English church). In 685/6 pestilence nearly wipes out the community. Ceolfrid died in 716 when the joint estate of Wearmouth and Jarrow was 150 hides. At this time there were around 600 monks at Jarrow and Wearmouth. Bede died at Jarrow in 735. Jarrow was probably sacked by the Vikings in 794. Jarrow was re-founded around 865. Jarrow and Wearmouth perished in the raids 869-70. By 934 it would seem that the land holdings of the monastery had been dispersed into new hands. 1022-45 Bede's bones were moved to Durham. In 1069/70 the church was destroyed by fire. In 1072, Aldwin, Prior of Winchcombe, founded a new community at Jarrow and restored the buildings. In 1083 the community was transferred to Durham. There were a total of 23 monks at Jarrow and Monkwearmouth. In 1144 the monastery was besieged during a conflict between William Cumin and Bishop William de St. Barbara. Monastic life was possibly re-established by 1190. In 1225 Jarrow was named as a cell of Durham. Account rolls survive from 1303. The cell had a farm attached (a grange). Between 1356 and 1361 the windmill was a valuable asset but this was abandoned after 1424-5. In 1374-5 three windows were repaired in the aula (hall). The principal rooms in the 14th century were the hall (aula) and a chamber (camera). In 1480 a chamber and a new 'prior's chamber are mentioned, along with a kitchen, bakehouse, brewhouse, 3 storerooms, a pantry, larder and cellar. There was a withdrawal of monks from Jarrow between 1425 and 1432. Largescale repairs in 1488. In 1533 there were only 3 monks at Jarrow. The last account roll entry was in 1534. The cell was dissolved in 1537 when revenues were valued at £40 7s 8d. The estate was sold to William, Lord Eure of Witton, who held it until 1616. The property was then divided, later split into eighths. In the 17th century adjuncts were built on the north side of the south range. By the 18th century the estate had been bought by Simon Temple who built Jarrow Hall overlooking the monastery ruins. In 1711 the churchwarden reported that the minister's house was in ruinous condition. In 1715 it was uninhabitable. By 1728 the east range had fallen into decay. Buck's drawing 1728 shows it roofless. Sparrow's drawing in 1773 shows the south range abandoned. In 1783 the nave of St. Paul's Church was rebuilt. A school was built after 1840. The rectory was built in 1853. In 1866 the north aisle and vestry were built. The tower and chancel were restored by Giles Gilbert Scott. The school was extended after 1866. The rectory was demolished in 1878. The churchyard closed in 1880. The West porch was built in 1887. In 1927 the grounds of the monastic ruins were cleared and re-laid. In 1935 there were trial excavations by E. Birley south of the church outside the boundary wall of the school playground. The site was scheduled in 1938. In 1954 there were trial excavations by C.A.R. Radford north-east of the church. In 1956 the site was taken into guardianship of the Ministry of Works. Rosemary Cramp's excavations started in 1963. The school was demolished in 1967-8. In 1973-6 there were excavations by C.D. Morris at Jarrow Slake. The excavation programme finished in 1978. There were watching briefs in 1986. In 1998 Jarrow and Wearmouth were put forward to UNESCO as a candidate World Heritage Site. Dated C7-9th.

Since early in the 19th century some local antiquarians and archaeologists have subscribed to the view that there was a Roman fort at Jarrow. Hodgson described it as "an oblong square of about 3 acres, with its corners rounded off", with "underground foundations of a wall of strong masonry" marking out "its area on every side", and including within it the church and churchyard. He thought the north wall of the house at the north-east corner of the churchyard could actually be Roman. He also reported brick pavements at the east end of Jarrow Row, and walls beneath Jarrow Hall. Although a number of Roman artifacts have been found in the vicinity (HER 983-992), excavations in the priory in 1935 and 1963-78, on the scarp which forms the east edge of the park in 1973, and north of Jarrow Hall in 1989-90 have not produced either Roman stratification or structures. Breeze 2006 - Roman pottery and coins have been found at Jarrow and Jarrow church has produced two fragments of an inscription (found in 1782) which includes the name of Hadrian, which may be from a monument commemorating the building of the Roman Wall by Hadrian, or more likely from the style of lettering, its reconstruction by Septimus Severus 80 years. Monitoring of 39 foundation trenches at Drewitt's Park in 2010 did not reveal any archaeological deposits relating to Roman occupation on site.

In 1782 2 inscribed stones were found during the restoration of Jarrow church; one had later had part of a cross carved on it. For many years these stones were thought to be 2 separate inscriptions but in 1943 I.A. Richmond and R.P. Wright reinterpreted them as 2 sections of a war memorial, temp. Hadrian, "which would be situated on high ground somewhere near the eastern end of Hadrian's Wall". Birley preferred to believe it was C3, and a commemoration of Severus' reconstruction of the frontier. "Son of all the deified emperors, the Emperor Caesar Trajan Hadrian Augustus, after the necessity of keeping the empire within its limits had been laid upon him by divine precept...thrice consul...; after the barbarians had been dispersed and the province of Britain had been recovered, he added a frontier-line between either shore of the Ocean for 80 miles. The army of the province built this defence-work under the charge of Aulus Platorius Nepos, emperor's propraetorian legate". Dated C2-C3.

In 1782, during alterations to Jarrow church, a stone carved in relief was found. It was eventually presented to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle by Cuthbert Ellison of Hebburn Hall, and was possibly one of the stones which went from Brand, via Hodgson, to Ellison. The carving portrays an archer clad in a short tunic shooting at an animal, probably a stag, walking to the right. The top and bottom of the stone, a local buff sandstone, have been broken off, and the carving is much weathered. Height 30 cms x width 50.5 cms x depth 25 cms. Dated C2-C3.

In 1921 R. Worley, of Hexham, found a Roman coin "about 400 yds west of St. Paul's Church..., 'south of the ballast hill now used by the Shell Oil Tanker trains... did it come with the ballast or was there a Roman settlement nearby?'" The coin has been identified by Richard Brickstock from a rubbing as a denarius of Septimius Severus (RIC 265), A.D. 202-210. Mr. Worley reported the find in a letter to R.J. Cramp in 1980. RJC may or may not have had news of a second coin, Constantinian, found near Jarrow Hall, also by someone "who now lives at Hexham". Pam Lowther thinks there may be only one coin, not two. Dated C3.

In 1924 a boy from the Central School, Jarrow, found a Roman coin "in the Salt Grass, a waste piece of land near Bede's Monastery". The coin was then sent to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle by one of the teachers. It was an as of Nero (Lugdunum, c. A.D. 66). Dated C1.