The Ordnance Survey note that "The prior and convent of Durham had a deer park at Hedworth as early as the time of Bishop Farnham (1241-49)", and quote as a source E.P. Shirley, English Deer Parks (1867), p. 227. They also record that the words "The Park" appear on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan east of Hedworth village. The whole area is now built up.
SITEASS
Try to locate both Shirley and some original documentary evidence.
Site Type: Broad
Hunting Site
SITEDESC
The OS note that "The prior and convent of Durham had a deer park at Hedworth as early as the time of Bishop Farnham (1241-49)", and quote as a source E.P. Shirley, English Deer Parks (1867), p. 227. They also record that the words "The Park" appear on the 1st ed. OS map east of Hedworth village. The whole area is now built up. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Hedworth, deer park
Site Type: Specific
Deer Park
HER Number
968
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 968 >> Ordnance Survey maps, 1856, 1st ed. 6 Durham III
Ordnance Survey archaeological record cards, RPM, 1977, 13th cent. deer park, NZ36SW1
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1993
English, British
Class
Unassigned
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
CONDITION
Fair
DAY1
16
District
Sunderland
Easting
434400
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
552200
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Herrington Hill
Description
Two sides of a possible ditched enclosure, probably rectilinear, are visible as crop marks on aerial photographs. A third side is presumably under a wood, the fourth was either not photographed or not apparent. There is a possible entrance in the long, south-east side. There are other possible cropmarks immediately north of Herrington Hill House.
Site Type: Broad
Archaeological Feature
SITEDESC
Apparently two sides of a ditched enclosure, probably rectilinear. A third side is presumably under a wood, the fourth was either not photographed or not apparent. There is a possible entrance in the long, south-east, side. There are other possible cropmarks immediately north of Herrington Hill House.
Site Name
Herrington Hill House, cropmarks
Site Type: Specific
Site
HER Number
967
Form of Evidence
Cropmark
Sources
<< HER 967 >> Aerial Photograph, Museum of Antiquities, Herrington Hill House, Colour slides nos. 4220-4224, 5051-5053
SURVIVAL
40-59%
YEAR1
1993
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
869
DAY1
16
DAY2
22
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436800
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 36 NE 1037
Northing
567800
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
South Shields
Description
In May 1940 Devon Battery, Royal Marines, arrived with two 6-inch Mk XII/VII guns. In March 1941 they were replaced by 348 Coast Battery, with two 6-inch Mk XI/VI guns from Frenchman's Battery to the south. For a time in 1941-3 the guns were removed, and only a searchlight remained, while a new battery was constructed, and in 1943 three 5.25-inch Anti-Aircraft/coast defence guns were installed. When the Coast Defence role ceased in 1951 the battery was handed over to AA Command and finally, in 1956, the battery was dismantled, and the site landscaped by South Shields Corporation. The site has recently been assessed by the Defence of Britain Project: it is in a very bad condition, but gun emplacements and layout were visible as parch marks on aerial photographs of 1994.
SITEASS
Site assessed by Defence of Britain Project. Gun emplacements and layout were visible as parch marks on aerial photographs of 1994. Site in very bad condition {2}.
Site Type: Broad
Coastal Defence Site
SITEDESC
In May 1940 Devon Battery, Royal Marines, arrived with two 6-inch Mk XII/VII guns. Designated as Tyne M. In March 1941 they were replaced by 348 Coast Battery, with two 6-inch Mk XI/VI guns from Frenchman's Battery to the south. For a time in 1941-3 the guns were removed, and only a searchlight remained, while a new emplacement was constructed to take the two 6" guns brought here from Frenchman's Battery (HER 869). In 1943 these 6" guns were removed and three 5.25-inch Anti-Aircraft/coast defence guns were installed. They had radar control, a horizontal range of 24,7000m and a rate of fire of 7-10 rounds per minute - probably the best all-round weapon ever provided for British coast gunners. This was to be the only dual purpose battery in the UK. When the Coast Defence role ceased in 1951 the battery was handed over to Anti Aircraft Command and finally, in 1956, the battery was dismantled, and the site landscaped by South Shields Corporation.
Site Name
Park Battery
Site Type: Specific
Coastal Battery
HER Number
966
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 966 >> D.H. Clarke & A. Rudd, 1989, The Defences of Tyneside, Park Battery, South Shields, Fortress Study Group Conference, p. 10
Defence of Britain Project, 2002, Defence of Britain Database, S0015123
D. Clarke & A. Rudd, 1989 Tyneside in the Breech Loading Era Fortress, No. 3, pp 33-42; English Heritage Hadrian's Wall WHS Mapping Project, 2008, 1399283; Aerial Photograph RAF 58/B/32 5422 16-MAY-1948
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
963
DAY1
25
DAY2
27
District
S Tyneside
Easting
439200
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
2
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564290
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Farding Slade
Description
Farding Slayde (1647), Farthing Slate (Parson 1828), Farthing Stake (1839 Tithe), Farding Lake (1898 OS) and Fawdon Lake (Ward 1899). In 1647 Elizabeth, widow of Robert Chambers, held land etc. listed under the heading "Whitburne cum Cleyton Copyholds". This land included "16 riggs of land in Cleadon in a certain place there called Farthing Slayde". The status of this place in the mid C17 is unknown, and also, indeed, whether it might be medieval. It was clearly a farm in the C19, occupied by Robert Jefferson, farmer, in 1828, and shown as a courtyard type on the 1st ed. OS. Farmed by Edward Wood in 1839. Rebuilt farmstead appears on 1898 OS. Abandoned c.1920. On the modern map it appears as an outline only, i.e. deserted. Demolished 1980s. Fragments of wall footings and stone can be found in undergrowth.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Farding Slayde (1647), Farthing Slate (Parson 1828), Farthing Stake (1839 Tithe), Farding Lake (1898 OS) and Fawdon Lake (Ward 1899). In 1647 Elizabeth, widow of Robert Chambers, held land etc. listed under the heading "Whitburne cum Cleyton Copyholds". This land included "16 riggs of land in Cleadon in a certain place there called Farthing Slayde". The status of this place in the mid C17 is unknown, and also, indeed, whether it might be medieval. It was clearly a farm in the C19, occupied by Robert Jefferson, farmer, in 1828, and shown as a courtyard type on the 1st ed. OS. Farmed by Edward Wood in 1839. Rebuilt farmstead appears on 1898 OS. Abandoned c.1920. On the modern map it appears as an outline only, i.e. deserted. Demolished 1980s. Fragments of wall footings and stone can be found in undergrowth.
Site Name
Farding Slade (Farding Lake) Farm
Site Type: Specific
Farm
HER Number
965
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 965 >> D.A. Kirby, 1972, Parliamentary Surveys of the Bishopric of Durham, Surtees Society, II, 185, p. 50
W. Parson & W. White, 182, Directory of Durham and Northumberland, II, pp. 199-200
Ordnance Survey maps, 1855, 1st ed. 6, Durham IV, Northern Archaeological Associates, 2015, The Cleadon Village Atlas p155
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1993
YEAR2
2015
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
963, 8026
DAY1
22
DAY2
14
District
S Tyneside
Easting
438500
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562400
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Cleadon
Description
Cleadon Tower, which is mentioned as early as 1587 was taken down by Richard Pemberton, Esq. about twenty-five years ago. It was a square tower of two stages, leaded, and with a spiral stone stair-case to the top. It was attached to the east end of the present old mansion, and commanded a very extensive prospect. Other sources, however, suspect that the tower was a folly, or a fanciful building for pleasure, to enjoy the view, although the 16th century does seem rather early for a folly. The precise location is not clear, but the earlier maps of Cleadon might suggest a likely site.
SITEASS
A C16 folly seems rather early, and where did Surtees find the 1587 mention?
Site Type: Broad
Fortified House
SITEDESC
"Cleadon Tower, which is mentioned as early as 1587 (and is perhaps rather a rare instance of a tower or fortalice standing on a copyhold estate) was taken down by Richard Pemberton, Esq. about twenty-five years ago. It was a square tower of two stages, leaded, and with a spiral stone stair-case to the top. It was attached to the East end of the present old mansion, and commanded a very extensive prospect".³ Note r. "Mr. Abbs, however, supposes, with some probability, that the Tower (though so early mentioned) was merely a fanciful building for pleasure, to enjoy the view".³ The precise location is not clear though a bit of work on the earlier maps of Cleadon might suggest a likely site. Pevsner says that parts of the pele tower are incorporated into the listed Cleadon Tower (HER 8026). Dated C16th.
Site Name
Cleadon tower
Site Type: Specific
Tower House
HER Number
964
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 964 >> R. Surtees, 1820, History...of Durham, II, 55 and n.; Northern Archaeological Associates, 2015, The Cleadon Village Atlas
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
2006
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Claire MacRae
CONDITION
Good
Crossref
108
DAY1
25
DAY2
07
District
S Tyneside
Easting
438500
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
2
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 36 SE 8
Northing
562400
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Cleadon
Description
In Boldon Book (c. 1183 a survey of land belonging to the Bishop of Durham, Hugh du Puiset), the earliest reference, Hatfield's Survey (c. 1382) and the Parliamentary Survey of 1647 Cleadon is listed with Whitburn, and it is not possible to give any idea of the number of tenants and holdings peculiar to either. Cleadon lies at the junction of 4 roads, from the north (South Shields), east (Whitburn), south (Sunderland) and west (along the north side of Boldon Flats). The 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan shows it with a squarish outline and western extension; two rows face a very wide street with a pond, which is still there. It appears that this may once have been a green in spite of Roberts and Austin's categorization og the village as an "irregular cluster or agglomeration without a green". A number of stone buildings survive to mark the village core though the outskirts are now much built up.
SITEASS
There must be more documentary evidence to be discovered. Visit at leisure.
Site Type: Broad
Settlement
SITEDESC
In Boldon Book (1183 survey of land belonging to the Bishop of Durham, Hugh du Puiset), the earliest reference, Hatfield's Survey (1380) and the Parliamentary Survey of 1647 Cleadon is listed with Whitburn. A survey of lands in 1587 draws a distinction between Cleadon and Whitburn. It records 11 copyhold tenants in Clevedon. The largest landowner at this time was Robert Chambers. Cleadon lies at the junction of 4 roads, from N (S. Shields), E (Whitburn), S (Sunderland) and W (along the N side of Boldon Flats). The 1st ed. OS shows it with a squarish outline and W extension; two rows face a very wide street with pond, which is still there. It is hard to believe this was not once a green in spite of Roberts and Austin's categorization: "irregular cluster or agglomeration without a green". A number of stone buildings survive to mark the core though the outskirts are now much built up. There appears to be a degree of forward planning and design in the layout. Cleadon may be one of the so called planned 'Green Villages' of County Durham. Mackenzie & Ross (1834) describe Cleadon as 'a scattered village….contains a small Methodist chapel, four farmholds, two public houses, and a ladies' boarding school'. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Cleadon village
Site Type: Specific
Village
HER Number
963
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 963 >> W. Greenwell, 1852, Boldon Book, Surtees Society, 25, p. 46
W. Greenwell, 1856, Bishop Hatfield's Survey, Surtees Society, 32, pp. 102-06
D.A. Kirby, 1972, Parliamentary Surveys of the Bishopric of Durham, Surtees Society, II 185, pp. 49-52
W. Hutchinson, 1787, History...of Durham, II, 627-8
The College, Enclosure Awards, 1680, Moors and meadows in Whitburn parish, Chancery Decree Award, no. 57- Durham University Special Collections 5
The College, Enclosure Awards, 1718, Fields in Whitburn parish, Chancery Decree Award, no. 58 - Durham University Special Collections 5
The College, Halmote Court Books, 1680, Cleadon, Vol. 88 f. 500 - Durham University Special Collections 5
The College, Halmote Court, Addit Maps and Plans, (date unknown), Cleadon North farm, 36b - Durham University Special Collections 5
The College, Halmote Court, Addit Maps and Plans, (date unknown), Cleadon and district 36c -Durham University Special Collections 5
The College, (date unknown), nos. 170a, b, 215, 216a, b -Durham University Special Collections 5
John Mabbitt, 2003, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2-4 Sunderland Road, Cleadon Archaeological Assessment; Northern Archaeological Associaties, 2015, The Cleadon Village Atlas
SURVIVAL
60-79%
YEAR1
1993
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
12
DAY2
26
District
S Tyneside
Easting
440700
EASTING2
3895
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ46SW
MAP2
NZ36SE
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
1
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
562570
NORTHING2
0
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Cleadon, Whitburn
Description
In 1307 the rent of the mills of Cleadon and Whitburn, with Boldon, was listed in a roll of Bishop Bec. In 1381 all the bond tenants of the vills of Whitburn and Cleadon held a windmill, and were required to work there. It thus appears that there was only one mill, and there is no clue as to its location. One (or even both) of the two 18th century mills which survive, could mark the site of their medieval predecessor(s).
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
In 1307 the rent of the mills of Cleadon and Whitburn, with Boldon, was listed in a roll of Bishop Bec. In 1381 all the bond tenants of the vills of Whitburn and Cleadon held a windmill, and were required to work there. It thus appears that there was only one mill, and there is no clue as to its location. The above grid refs are to the two 18th century mills which survive, one (or even both) perhaps marking the site of their medieval predecessor(s). Dated C14th.
Site Name
Whitburn/Cleadon medieval windmill
Site Type: Specific
Windmill
HER Number
962
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 962 >> W. Greenwell, 1852, Boldon Book, Surtees Society, 25, p. xxv
W. Greenwell, 1856, Bishop Hatfield's Survey, Surtees Society, 32, pp. 104-05
YEAR1
1993
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
8062
DAY1
09
DAY2
06
District
S Tyneside
Easting
432700
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561000
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
West Boldon
Description
In 1381 or 1383, Richard Hedworth died seised of Scottes house and land on Boldon moor, held by homage, fealty, 40s rent and suit of court. The antiquarian, Surtees records that in 1617 Thomas Cole of Gateshead surrendered it to the use of Ralph Cole; from the Coles it passed to the Milbankes; in 1658 Mark Milbanke surrendered it to Henry Maddison; in 1687-8 it passed from the Maddisons to the Hudsons. The early 18th century house, early to mid-19th century stables, and gatehouse and walls of 1890 are all listed.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
In 1381 (3), 1383 (2), Richard Hedworth died seised of Scottes house and land on Boldon moor, held by homage, fealty, 40s rent and suit of court. The free tenant noted in (1) was John of Hedworth. Surtees records its descent in the C17 thus: in 1617 Thomas Cole of Gateshead surrendered it to the use of Ralph Cole; from the Coles it passed to the Milbankes; in 1658 Mark Milbanke surrendered it to Henry Maddison; in 1687-8 it passed from the Maddisons to the Hudsons. Was it at this time a country estate of a series of Newcastle merchants? The house (early 18th century), stables (early to mid C19) and gatehouse and walls (1890) are all listed. Dated C14th.
Site Name
Scot's House
Site Type: Specific
Farm
HER Number
961
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 961 >> W. Greenwell, 1856, Bishop Hatfield's Survey, Surtees Society, 32, p.
W. Hutchinson, 1787, History...of Durham, II, 495 (or 620-24)
R. Surtees, 1820, History...of Durham, II, pp. 59, 63-4
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1993
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
09
DAY2
06
District
S Tyneside
Easting
433500
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559900
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
West Boldon
Description
In bishop Bury's time (1340s)... Allan Gategant held certain lands there (West Boldon) called Fadreless Houses, held in capite by homage and fealty. Surtees also noted this, saying another small freehold, a messuage and carucate of land on Boldon moor, called Faderles House, passed for a few descents in the family of Gategang. By 1381 it was held by Peter del Hay, Faderlesfield, of 46 acres, for 20s or 26s 10d. Called Fatherless Field on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, it is now Elliscope farm.
SITEASS
Visit site; pursue documentary evidence.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
"In bishop Bury's time (1340s)...Allan Gategant held certain lands there (West Boldon) called Fadreless Houses, held in capite by homage and fealty".(2) Surtees also noted this, saying "another small freehold, a messuage and carucate of land on Boldon moor, called Faderles House, passed for a few descents in the family of Gategang". By 1381 it was held by Peter del Hay, "Faderlesfield", of 46 acres, for 20s or 26s 10d. This farm along with Hylton Grove (HER 6776) Make-Me-Rich (HER 16799) farm are shown on the 1840 tithe plan as one holding known as the Hylton Bridge Estate owned by John Dutton. Called Fatherless Field on the OS 1st ed. Map, it is now Elliscope farm. Aerial views shown 19th century (or earlier) buildings. Medieval ridge and furrow earthworks are visible on aerial photographs to the south of the farm. Dated C14th.
Site Name
Fatherless Field (Elliscope) Farm
Site Type: Specific
Farm
HER Number
960
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 960 >> W. Greenwell, 1856, Bishop Hatfield's Survey, Surtees Society, 32, pp. 98-102; W. Hutchinson, 1787, History...of Durham, II, 495 and ?620-4; R. Surtees, 1820, History...of Durham, II, 59; Northern Archaeological Associates, 2014, Site south of Newcastle Road (A184) and West of A19 - Archaeological Assessment; AD Archaeology, 2021, Elliscope Farm, Follingsby Lane, West Boldon Archaeological Building Recording, report reference AD371
YEAR1
1993
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
09
District
S Tyneside
Easting
434560
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560890
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Boldon
Description
In 1609 Richard Fawcett, parson of Boldon, left in his will 20s for the mending of Boldon Bridge. On the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map this name is applied to the bridge which carries the Newcastle to Sunderland road across the River Don west of West Boldon.
SITEASS
Further documentary work might provide some more evidence and an earlier date
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
In 1609 Richard Fawcett, parson of Boldon, left in his will 20s for the mending of Boldon Bridge. On the 1st ed. OS map this name is applied to the bridge which carries the Newcastle to Sunderland road across the River Don west of West Boldon.
Site Name
Boldon bridge
Site Type: Specific
Road Bridge
HER Number
959
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 959 >> R. Surtees, 1820, History...of Durham, II, p.
Ordnance Survey maps, 1856, 1st ed. 6 Durham, VII