Bronze rectangular shield centre with circular boss, 312 mm x 235 mm. Probably intended for parade armour rather than serious battle. The bronze has been coated with tin, and decorated by incised and pounced lines. The ground has been formed by scraping off the tin plating. The central boss is decorated with an eagle holding an olive branch and surrounded by a wreath. The border is of 8 panels. In each corner is a figure representing one of the Four Seasons; above is Mars, below a bull, the badge of the 8th Legion. In the margins are 2 legionary standards, and the letters: LEG VIII AVG / * IVL(II) MAGNI IVNI(I) DUBITATI. The shield thus belonged to Junius Dubitatus, who served in the century of Julius Magnus in the Eighth Legion Augustus, in Britain under Hadrian. It is supposed to have been dredged up at, or near, the bar across the Tyne before 1877 with, or close to, HER no. 927. Another source says it was dredged up on the south side of the Tyne at its junction with the sea. This object was bought by Canon Greenwell, and later acquired by the British Museum.
SITEASS
This object was bought by Canon Greenwell, and later acquired by the British Museum.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
Bronze rectangular shield centre with circular boss, 312 x 235 mm. Probably intended for parade armour rather than serious battle. The bronze has been coated with tin, and decorated by incised and pounced lines. The ground has been formed by scraping off the tin plating. Central boss is decorated with an eagle holding an olive branch and surrounded by a wreath. Border is of 8 panels. In each corner is a figure representing one of the Four Seasons; above is Mars, below a bull, the badge of the 8th Legion. In the margins are 2 legionary standards, and the letters: LEG VIII AVG / * IVL(II) MAGNI IVNI(I) DUBITATI. The shield thus belonged to Junius Dubitatus, who served in the century of Julius Magnus in the Eighth Legion Augustus, in Britain under Hadrian. Supposed to have been dredged up at, or near, the bar across the Tyne before 1877 with, or close to, SMR 927. Another source says it was dredged up on the south side of the Tyne at its junction with the sea. Dated C2.
Site Name
River Tyne, Roman shield-boss
Site Type: Specific
Shield Boss
HER Number
928
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 928 >> F. Haverfield, 1907, Note on Roman Armour found on Tynemouth Bar, Northumberland County History, VIII, 278-80
J.W. Brailsford, 1964, Guide to the Antiquities of Roman Britain, pp. 67 and 69, fig. 35
L. Allason-Jones & R. Miket, 1984, The Catalogue of Small Finds from South Shields Roman Fort, Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, Monograph, No.3.724
YEAR1
1993
YEAR2
2020
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Clare Henderson
Crossref
928
DAY1
28
DAY2
09
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436876
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Bronze
MONTH1
1
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 36 NE 39
Northing
568184
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
...elegant, bronze left cheekpiece from a helmet of Robinson's Auxiliary Cavalry Type H. Height 190 mm. It was reduced in size after the decoration was incised. Central decoration, pricked out in fine pounced lines, shows a naked male figure standing with a cloak over his shoulders. With his right hand he controls a horse, in his left he holds a spear. This figure represents one of the Dioscuri. Below is a dolphin, above a frieze of leaves. Supposed to have been dredged up at, or near, the bar across the River Tyne before 1877 with, or close to, HER no. 928. Another source says it was dredged up on the south side of the Tyne at its junction with the sea.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
"...elegant, bronze left cheekpiece from a helmet of Robinson's Auxiliary Cavalry Type H". Height 190 mm. It was reduced in size after the decoration was incised. Central decoration, pricked out in fine pounced lines, shows a naked male figure standing with a cloak over his shoulders. With his right hand he controls a horse, in his left he holds a spear. This figure represents one of the Dioscuri (the heavenly twins, Castor and Pollux). Below is a dolphin, above a frieze of leaves. It was trimmed in Roman times, when an edging of cable ornament was added in places. Supposed to have been dredged up at, or near, the bar across the River Tyne before 1877 with, or close to, SMR 928. Another source says it was dredged up on the south side of the Tyne at its junction with the sea. Its almost black patina is due to its long immersion in the water. The companion cheekpiece would have featured the other twin. Great North Museum: Hancock 1925.1.26. Dated C2-C3.
Site Name
River Tyne, Roman helmet cheek-piece
Site Type: Specific
Helmet Cheekpiece
HER Number
927
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 927 >> C. Bruce, 1880, On the recent discoveries in the Roman Camp on the Lawe... Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, X, 262-3;
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 1885, Cheek Piece of a Roman Helmet found in the Tyne, 2, I (for 1882-4), p. 341;
F. Haverfield, 1907, Note on Roman Armour found on Tynemouth Bar, Northumberland County History, VIII, pp. 278 and 280;
H.R. Robinson, 1975, The Armour of Imperial Rome, pp. 102-03, and pl. 287;
L. Allason-Jones & R. Miket, 1984, The Catalogue of Small Finds from South Shields Roman Fort, Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, Monograph, No.3.723; D.J. Smith, 1974, Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle upon Tyne - An Illustrated Introduction, 21; J.M.C. Toynbee, 1963, Art in Roman Britain, no. 104; J.M.C. Toynbee, 1964, Art in britain under the Romans, 297
YEAR1
1993
YEAR2
2020
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
28
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Bone
MONTH1
1
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 36 NE 33
Northing
567000
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
Bone scabbard chape of rectangular shape with a raised rib and openwork pelta decoration. 60 mm long x 41 mm wide. The Ordnance Survey quotes from the British Museum Accession Register of 1896: "Found at South Shields about 1877. Purchased from the Rev L Hooppell".
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
Bone scabbard chape of rectangular shape with a raised rib and openwork pelta decoration. 60 mm long x 41 mm wide. The OS quotes from the BM Accession Register of 1896: "Found at South Shields about 1877. Purchased from the Rev. L Hooppell".
Site Name
South Shields, bone chape
Site Type: Specific
Clothing Fastening
HER Number
926
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 926 >> L. Allason-Jones & R. Miket, 1984, The Catalogue of Small Finds from South Shields Roman Fort, Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, Monograph, No.2.8
Ordnance Survey archaeological record cards, DT, 1956, bone scabbard plate
YEAR1
1993
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
28
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436650
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
1
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 36 NE 28
Northing
568010
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
South Shields
Description
Immediately below (the Lawe) on the sands was Hogshead Well, in later times known as the Roman Well, which was so wantonly destroyed by the levelling of the ballast hills for the North Park extension - thus wrote Hodgson in 1903. In 1805 it had been included in a list of public wells which it was recommended should be opened out and deepened to relieve the water shortage in South Shields. In 1910 Rev. C.E. Adamson noted that in 1896 a well was found at the foot of the Lawe...described by Mr. G.B. Hodgson...as consisting of a circular shaft lined with Roman bricks in an excellent state of preservation, and yielding a regular flow of pure water. It was buried the next year during some operations at the Marine Park.
Site Type: Broad
Water Storage Site
SITEDESC
"Immediately below (the Lawe) on the sands was Hogshead Well, in later times known as the Roman Well, which was so wantonly destroyed by the levelling of the ballast hills for the North Park extension" - thus wrote Hodgson in 1903. In 1805 it had been included in a list of public wells which it was recommended should be "opened out" and deepened to relieve the water shortage in South Shields. In 1910 Rev. C.E. Adamson noted that "in 1896 a well was found at the foot of the Lawe...described by Mr. G.B. Hodgson...as consisting of a circular shaft lined with Roman bricks in an excellent state of preservation, and yielding a regular flow of pure water. It was buried the next year during some operations at the Marine Park". The grid ref is supplied by the OS, the well being marked on the 1st edition maps.
Site Name
North Marine Park, Hogshead Well
Site Type: Specific
Well
HER Number
925
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 925 >> G.B. Hodgson, 1903, The Borough of South Shields, pp. 126, 153
Rev. C.E. Adamson, 1910, Roman Station: South Shields,Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 3, IV (for 1909-10), p. 176
Ordnance Survey archaeological record cards, JHO, 1952, Possible Roman well (site of)
1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham IV
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1993
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
914
DAY1
28
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436500
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567900
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
South Shields
Description
In 1910 Rev. C.E.Adamson published a note recording the discovery of a well "7.5 feet from the south-east corner of the 'forum' in a line with the southern side" and close to the remains of a wall marked on the plan in Archaeologia Aeliana 2, X, page 250. The well was elliptical in plan, 27 inches x 20 inches., and roughly lined with squared stones to a depth of about 1 yard. When emptied there were traces of a cement bottom and virgin clay beneath - a natural spring of no great capacity.
Site Type: Broad
Water Storage Site
SITEDESC
In 1910 Rev. C E Adamson published a note recording the discovery of a well "7.5 feet from the south-east corner of the 'forum' in a line with the southern side" and close to the remains of a wall marked on the plan in Arch Ael 2, X, 250. The well was elliptical in plan, 27 x 20 in., and roughly lined with squared stones to a depth of about 1 yard. When emptied there were traces of a cement bottom and virgin clay beneath - a natural spring of no great capacity.
Site Name
South Shields Roman fort, well
Site Type: Specific
Well
HER Number
924
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 924 >> Rev. C.E. Adamson, 1910, Roman Station: South Shields,Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 3, IV (for 1909-10), p. 176
YEAR1
1993
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
891
DAY1
20
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436400
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Glass
MONTH1
1
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 36 NE 27
Northing
567500
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
Black, opaque glass sphere, slightly flatter on one face where the ball has been detached from the rod during manufacture. Measuring 38 mm x 35 mm. Came to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle in the Blair collection, labelled as found in Cleveland Street in c. 1877 with a mortarium of mid/late Antonine date. J.D. Cowen believed it to be Roman, and identified it as a linen-smoother. Lindsay Allason-Jones reckons it could have had other functions, e.g. grinding medicines or pigments, and states that similar objects, either with handles or bun-shaped, have been found on Viking and medieval sites.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
"Black, opaque glass sphere, slightly flatter on one face where the ball has been detached from the rod during manufacture". 38 x 35 mm. Came to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle in the Blair collection, and there labelled as found in Cleveland Street in c. 1877 with a mortarium of mid/late Antonine date. J.D. Cowen believed it to be Roman, and identified it as a linen-smoother. Lindsay Allason-Jones reckons it could have had other functions, e.g. grinding medicines or pigments, and states that similar objects. though either with handles or bun-shaped, have been found on Viking and medieval sites.
Site Name
South Shields vicus, glass sphere
Site Type: Specific
Sphere
HER Number
923
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 923 >> J.D. Cowen, 1935, A Roman Glass Linen-smoother, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 4, VI (for 1933-34), p. 355-7
J.P. Wild, 1970, Textile Manufacture in the Northern Roman Provinces, pp. 15 and 85, fig. 76.
L. Allason-Jones & R. Miket, 1984, The Catalogue of Small Finds from South Shields Roman Fort, Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, Monograph, No.4.54
P.T. Bidwell, 1988, The Civilian Settlement...of the Roman Fort at South Shields, no. 9
YEAR1
1993
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
20
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436100
EASTING2
362
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Ceramic
MONTH1
1
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 36 NE 21
Northing
567000
NORTHING2
678
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
South Shields
Description
Mrs Ernest Blair, Underhill Road, Cleadon, placed on loan an urn of brick-red unglazed ware found at South Shields apparently of Roman date. Lieut-Colonel Spain explained that this vessel which was 7.5 inches high with two-thirds of the upper rim broken off and missing had been found south of the South Wall of the Cemetery at South Shields on the course of the old Letch on clay about two feet below the modern surface. The Ordnance Survey almost certainly misinterpreted the findspot, suggesting the cemetery in question was that of St. Stephen's, west of the Roman fort, whereas St. Hilda's seems much more likely, and would fit in with the suggested letch to the south. The Ordnance Survey added (in 1952) that Mrs E. Blair, of 9 Underhill Rd, Cleadon, had no recollection of the urn and certainly did not loan it to the Society of Antiquaries.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
"Mrs Ernest Blair, Underhill Road, Cleadon, placed on loan an urn of brick- red unglazed ware found at South Shields apparently of Roman date. Lieut- Colonel Spain explained that this vessel which was 7.5 " high with two-thirds of the upper rim broken off and missing had been found south of the South Wall of the Cemetery at South Shields on the course of the old "Letch" on clay about two feet below the modern surface". The OS almost certainly misinterpreted the findspot, suggesting the cemetery in question was that of St. Stephen's, west of the Roman fort (second grid ref above). St. Hilda's seems much more likely, and would fit in with the suggested letch to the south. The OS add (in 1952) that Mrs E. Blair, of 9 Underhill Rd, Cleadon, had "no recollection of the urn and certainly did not loan it to the Soc. of Ants".
Site Name
South Shields, pottery vessel
Site Type: Specific
Urn
HER Number
922
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 922 >> G.R.B. Spain, 1935, Donations, Exhibit and Loan,Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 4, VI (for 1933-34), p. 200
Ordnance Survey archaeological record cards, JHO, 1952, Probable Roman urn
YEAR1
1993
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
20
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436300
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Ceramic
MONTH1
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567800
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
Two fragments from the pipeclay base of a statuette were found in 1973 in the vicus west of the Roman fort. The base, which measures 39 mm high x 50 mm wide x 3 mm thick, is "in the shape of a hollow truncated pyramid". Its face is inscribed in cursive script: SERVAN DVS C(oloniae) C(laudiae) A(rae) A(grippinensis) FECIT.
Site Type: Broad
Settlement
SITEDESC
Two fragments from the pipeclay base of a statuette were found in 1973 in the vicus west of the Roman fort. The base, which measures 39 mm high x 50 mm wide x 3 mm thick, is "in the shape of a hollow truncated pyramid". Its face is inscribed in cursive script: SERVAN DVS C(oloniae) C(laudiae) A(rae) A(grippinensis) FECIT
Site Name
South Shields vicus, pipeclay statuette
Site Type: Specific
Figurine
HER Number
921
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 921 >> R.P. Wright & M.W.C. Hassall, 1974, Roman Britain in 1973, Britannia, 5, p. 464
L. Allason-Jones & R. Miket, 1984, The Catalogue of Small Finds from South Shields Roman Fort, Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, Monograph, No. 9.65
YEAR1
1993
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
19
DAY2
09
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436100
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Gold
MONTH1
1
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567600
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
In 1976 "a gold solidus of Magnus Maximus, minted in London in 387 A.D., was found on a building-site in Palatine Street. The site lies probably outside the vicus but near a suspected Roman road". This information is attributed to the Shields Gazette, 17 June 1976.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
In 1976 "a gold solidus of Magnus Maximus, minted in London in 387, was found on a building-site in Palatine Street and was declared Treasure Trove. The site lies probably outside the vicus but near a suspected Roman road". This information is attributed to the Shields Gazette, 17.vi.1976. Dated C4.
Site Name
South Shields, Roman coin
Site Type: Specific
Coin
HER Number
920
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 920 >> S.S. Frere, et. al. eds. 1977, Roman Britain in 1976, Britannia, 8, p. 371
YEAR1
1993
YEAR2
1994
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
891,918
DAY1
21
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436200
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Ceramic
MONTH1
1
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 36 NE 24
Northing
567900
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
Roman pottery has been recovered on at least two occasions from St. Stephen's churchyard, which lies west of the fort and within the area of the vicus. In 1893 a fragment of samian, bearing the potter's stamp MASCILLIO, was reported to the Society of Antiquaries, and in 1904 R. Blair donated to the Society two fragments, a large amphora handle, and a fragment of samian with traces of a stamp, D------VS.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
Roman pottery has been recovered on at least two occasions from St. Stephen's churchyard, which lies west of the fort and within the area of the vicus. In 1893 a fragment of samian, bearing the potter's stamp MASCILLIO, was reported to the Society of Antiquaries, and in 1904 R. Blair donated to the Society two fragments, a large amphora handle, and a fragment of samian with traces of a stamp, D------VS.
Site Name
South Shields vicus, Roman pottery
Site Type: Specific
Sherds
HER Number
919
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 919 >> Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 1895, Miscellanea, 2, VI (for 1893-4), p. 140
R. Blair, 1905, Donations to the Museum,Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 3, I (for 1903-04), p. 270
P.T. Bidwell, 1988, The Civilian Settlement...of the Roman Fort at South Shields, 23, i. iii