English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
23
DAY2
09
District
S Tyneside
Easting
437800
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567300
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
There have been recorded finds of Roman coins from Herd Sands and North Beach on a number of occasions between 1891 and 1980, most in the period 1908-1915 when lists were published by R. Blair. Bidwell notes a total of 46. The present location of these coins is presently obscure - perhaps in the Museum of Antiquities or South Shields Roman Fort Museum. The discovery of finds on this beach is now more usually attributed to the dumping of dredged material from the Tyne.
SITEASS
Are these in the Museum of Antiquities or South Shields Roman Fort Museum?
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
There have been recorded finds of Roman coins from Herd Sands and North Beach on a number of occasions between 1891 and 1980, most in the period 1908-1915 when lists were published by R. Blair. Bidwell notes a total of 46.
Site Name
Herd Sands, Roman coins
Site Type: Specific
Coin
HER Number
908
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 908 >> Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 1891, Exhibited, 2, IV (for 1889-90), p. 11
R. Blair ?, 1909, Herd Sand, South Shields,Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 3, III (for 1907-08), p. 193
R. Blair, 1910, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 3, IV (for 1909-10), pp. 83, 103, 124, 224n, 288
R. Blair, 1913, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 3, V (for 1911-12), pp. 3, 161, 188
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 1917, 3, VII (for 1915-16), pp. 6, 33-34, 213
J.A. Petch, 1925, Roman Durham, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, I, 29 and n.
P.T. Bidwell, 1988, The Civilian Settlement...of the Roman Fort at South Shields
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1994
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
23
DAY2
09
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436700
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568200
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
An unknown source records "an impression of a Roman denarius in very fine condition, of the Calpurnian family found on the beach at South Shields in what is locally known as the 'wave trap' just within the'Fish Pier'".
SITEASS
The origin of the quotation is not given in the source below.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
"An impression of a Roman denarius in very fine condition, of the Calpurnian family found on the beach at South Shields in what is locally known as the 'wave trap' just within the 'Fish Pier'". 1904 L PISO FRVG CXXXXV
Site Name
Wave Trap, Roman coin
Site Type: Specific
Coin
HER Number
907
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 907 >> P.T. Bidwell, 1988, The Civilian Settlement...of the Roman Fort at South Shields
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1994
English, British
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
CONDITION
Fair
Crossref
904,905
DAY1
21
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436500
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568000
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
In 1959 John Thornborrow excavated at the corner of Beacon Street and Lawe Road roundabout. The various finds, which appear to indicate the existence of a parade ground east of the fort, included part of a stone statue. This has been damaged - the head and body are separate, much of the right side of the torso, both arms, and the body below the waist are missing. The god appears to be wearing a cuirass, and baldric over his left shoulder. Though the detailing is Celtic, the location of the statue on the parade ground of the fort is said to suggest that it was Mars rather than a Celtic warrior god.
Site Type: Broad
Sculpture
SITEDESC
In 1959 John Thornborrow excavated at the corner of Beacon Street and Lawe Road roundabout. The various finds, which appear to indicate the existence of a parade ground east of the fort, included part of a stone statue. This has been damaged, - the head and body are separate, much of the right side of the torso, both arms, and the body below the waist are missing. The god appears to be wearing a cuirass, and baldric over his left shoulder. Though the detailing is Celtic, the location of the statue on the parade ground of the fort suggests that it was Mars (is this a circular argument?) rather than a Celtic warrior god. Dated C2-C3.
Site Name
South Shields Fort parade ground, Roman statue
Site Type: Specific
Statue
HER Number
906
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 906 >> J.W. Thornborrow, 1959, Report on Excavations at Beacon Street, South Shields, South Shields Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol. I no. 7, p. 23
E.J. Phillips, 1977, Great Britain, Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani, Vol. I Fasc I no. 199, and plate 51
J.M.C. Toynbee, 1964, Art in Britain under the Romans, 107-8
A. Ross, 1967, Pagan Celtic Britain, 195-6
SURVIVAL
40-59%
YEAR1
1992
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
904,906
DAY1
23
DAY2
28
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436500
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568000
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
In 1959 John Thornborrow excavated at the corner of Beacon Street and Lawe Road roundabout. The various finds, which appear to indicate the existence of a parade ground east of the fort, included an altar. In coarse-grained yellow sandstone, 3 feet 3 inches high x 1 foot 5 inches wide x 1 foot 3 inches deep. On the left side is a patera, on the right a jug. The first 5 lines of the text have been chiselled off. Lines 6 and 7 read: CASSIVS VIR/VS VSLM Cassius Virus v(otum) s(oluit) l(ibens) m(erito); Cassius Virus willingly and deservedly fulfilled his vow.
Site Type: Broad
Altar
SITEDESC
In 1959 John Thornborrow excavated at the corner of Beacon Street and Lawe Road roundabout. The various finds, which appear to indicate the existence of a parade ground east of the fort, included an altar. In coarse-grained yellow sandstone, 3'3" high x 1'5" wide x 1'3" deep. On the left side a patera, on the right a jug. The first 5 lines of the text have been chiselled off. Lines 6 and 7: CASSIVS VIR/VS VSLM Cassius Virus v(otum) s(oluit) l(ibens) m(erito) Cassius Virus willingly and deservedly fulfilled his vow
Site Name
South Shields Fort parade ground, Roman altar
Site Type: Specific
Altar
HER Number
905
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 905 >> R.P. Wright, 1959, Report on a Votive Altar found during excavations at Beacon Street.. South Shields, Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol. I no. 7, pp. 23-4
R.P. Wright, 1960, Roman Britain in 1959: II. Inscriptions, Journal Roman Studies, Vol. L, p. 237
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1993
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
905,906
DAY1
09
DAY2
28
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436500
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568000
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
In 1959 John Thornborrow excavated at the corner of Beacon Street and Lawe Road roundabout. He recovered three stone altar bases in situ, a large inscribed altar (HER no. 905), fragments of a further very large altar, the statue of a bearded god (HER no. 906), a large moulded panel and a feature interpreted as a tribunal. These discoveries are taken to suggest that a parade ground lay immediately east of the fort, with its long axis parallel with the east wall of the fort, and the shrine area and tribunal at the north end.
Site Type: Broad
Military Training Site
SITEDESC
In 1959 John Thornborrow excavated at the corner of Beacon Street and Lawe Road roundabout. He recovered three stone altar bases in situ, a large inscribed altar (SMR 905), fragments of a further very large altar, the statue of a bearded god (SMR 906) identified by Phillips as Mars, a large moulded panel and a feature interpreted as a tribunal. These discoveries are taken to suggest that a parade ground lay immediately east of the fort, with its long axis parallel with the east wall of the fort, and the shrine area and tribunal at the north end.
Site Name
South Shields Fort, parade ground
Site Type: Specific
Parade Ground
HER Number
904
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 904 >> Excavation report, J.W. Thornborrow, 1959, Report on Excavations at Beacon Street, South Shields 1959, South Shields Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol. I no. 7, 8-25
E.J. Phillips, 1977, Great Britain, Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani, Vol. I Fasc. I no. 199
P.T. Bidwell, 1988, The Civilian Settlement...of the Roman Fort at South Shields, Arbeia
Journal Roman Studies, 1960, Roman Britain in 1959: Sites Explored, Vol. L, p. 215
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1993
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
891,902
DAY1
21
DAY2
13
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436400
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567500
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
During the latter part of the 19th century, while both archaeological excavations and building works were in progress in the vicinity of the Roman fort on the Lawe, a number of finds were made suggesting the existence of Roman cemeteries south of the south-west corner of the fort. The finds diagnostic of a cremation cemetery were "many urns...with calcined ashes within, and marks of fire around". A bronze coin (possibly of Domitian) was found in an urn near Bath Street. Bidwell has located these discoveries on the north side of Coston Drive, north-west of the junction with James Mather Street. Fragments of tombstones and other funerary monuments were also found in the vicinity (HER nos. 896-901). Excavations in 1993 in Morton Walk, 300 metres south-west of the fort, revealed 2 cremations of 2nd century A.D. date.
Site Type: Broad
Cemetery
SITEDESC
During the latter part of the C19, while both archaeological excavations and building works were in progress in the vicinity of the Roman fort on the Lawe, a number of finds were made suggesting the existence of Roman cemeteries south of the south-west corner of the fort. The finds diagnostic of a cremation cemetery were "many urns...with calcined ashes within, and marks of fire around". A bronze coin (of ?Domitian) was found in an urn near Bath Street. Bidwell has located these discoveries on the north side of Coston Drive, north-west of the junction with James Mather Street. Fragments of tombstones and other funerary monuments were also found in the vicinity, (SMR 896-901). Excavations in 1993 in Morton Walk, 300 m SW of the fort, revealed 5 C2 cremations, 2 C3 and 1 undated {ref. notes taken during Alex Croom's talk "Late Roman Burials at South Shields" at 'Deities, Death and Burial on Hadrian's Wall and Beyond, Saturday 17th November 2007).
Site Name
Roman cremation cemetery
Site Type: Specific
Cremation Cemetery
HER Number
903
Form of Evidence
Implied Evidence
Sources
<< HER 903 >> Rev. R.E. Hooppell, 1880, On the...Exploration of Roman Remains at South Shields in...1875-6, Transactions Natural History Society Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle-on-Tyne, Vol. VII, p. , plate V
C. Bruce, 1880, On the recent discoveries in the Roman Camp on the Lawe... Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, X, 223
P.T. Bidwell, 1988, The Civilian Settlement...of the Roman Fort at South Shields, nos. 13 ii, iii
M. Snape, 1993, Excavations...1992-3...Morton Walk, South Shields, The Arbeia Journal, Vol. II, pp. 55-59
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
891,903
DAY1
18
DAY2
13
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567000
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
During the latter part of the 19th century, while both archaeological excavations and building works were in progress in the vicinity of the Roman fort on the Lawe, a number of finds were made suggesting the existence of Roman cemeteries south of the south-west corner of the fort. The finds diagnostic of an inhumation cemetery were random human bones, and whole skeletons in actual graves. There were also tombstones and fragments of other funerary monuments (HER nos. 896-901). They were largely concentrated under or west of Baring Street, from south of Coston Drive north to Julian Street/Livingstone Place, with a couple of outliers to the north and north-west. More precisely these discoveries lie east of grid line NZ 3646 and north of NZ 6746. Excavations in 1993 in Morton Walk, 300 metres south of the fort, revealed 3 inhumations of 4th century A.D. date.
Site Type: Broad
Cemetery
SITEDESC
During the latter part of the C19, while both archaeological excavations and building works were in progress in the vicinity of the Roman fort on the Lawe, a number of finds were made suggesting the existence of Roman cemeteries south of the south-west corner of the fort. The finds diagnostic of an inhumation cemetery were random human bones, and whole skeletons in actual graves. There were also tombstones and fragments of other funerary monuments, (SMR 896-901). They were largely concentrated under or west of Baring Street, from south of Coston Drive north to Julian Street/Livingstone Place, with a couple of outliers to the north and north-west. More precisely these discoveries lie east of grid line NZ 3646 and north of NZ 6746. Excavations in 1993 in Morton Walk, 300 m SW of the fort, revealed 20 inhumations (8 were C3-C4, 1 was definitely C4 and 11 were undated. Grave 1 probably contained a young woman. It contained unworn jewellery, a distaff made of jet (only 3 of these are known and they are unusual as a grave good), a C4 spindle whorl, a knife, glass beads, an iron chain with 28 links, probably used to hang the knife from a belt, cloth possibly from a purse, bracelets and finger rings. The body has dissolved in grave 3, but grave goods included a complete C2 pot (placed in a C4 grave) with a deliberate hole in it (ritual killing of the pot). Grave 4 was probably male and contained stains from coffin timbers and a broken C3/C4 beaker {ref. notes taken during Alex Croom's talk "Late Roman Burials at South Shields" at 'Deities, Death and Burial on Hadrian's Wall and Beyond, Saturday 17th November 2007).
Site Name
Roman inhumation cemetery
Site Type: Specific
Inhumation Cemetery
HER Number
902
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 902 >> Newcastle Daily Journal, 1876, 19 February, p. 3, col. 7
Rev. R.E. Hooppell, 1880, On the...Exploration of Roman Remains at South Shields in...1875-6, Transactions Natural History Society Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle-on-Tyne, Vol. VII, p. 165, plates V, XII
Archaeologia, 1880, Vol. 46, 169
JBAA, 1880, Vol. 36, 113-14
C. Bruce, 1880, On the recent discoveries in the Roman Camp on the Lawe... Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, X, 223
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries, 2, I, 19
R. Blair, 1913 - 3, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, V (for 1911-12), 137-8
P.T. Bidwell, 1988, The Civilian Settlement...of the Roman Fort at South Shields, passim
M. Snape, 1993, Excavations...1992-3...Morton Walk, South Shields, The Arbeia Journal, Vol. II, pp. 55-59
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
891,902,903
DAY1
23
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567000
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
Fragment of a gabled tombstone found shortly before 1732 at South Shields. This was noted and drawn by Horsley before being lost. Its inscription reads: D(is) M(anibus); ... To the spirits of the departed...
Site Type: Broad
Tomb
SITEDESC
Fragment of a gabled tombstone found shortly before 1732 at South Shields. This was noted and drawn by Horsley before being lost. D(is) M(anibus) /... To the spirits of the departed...
Site Name
South Shields vicus, Roman tombstone
Site Type: Specific
Tombstone
HER Number
901
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 901 >> J. Horsley, 1732, Britannia Romana, 1974 ed., pp. 194 N54 III, 287
R.G. Collingwood & R.P. Wright, 1965, The Roman Inscriptions of Britain, 1066
YEAR1
1992
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
891,902,903
DAY1
23
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436400
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567500
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
Tombstone, 22 inches x 22 inches, found in 1881 south-west of the fort. Its inscription reads: D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) / Au((...))dus / uix(it) anno(s) / VIIII menses VIIII / L(ucius) Arruntius Sal/uianus filio / b(ene merenti) piissimo; Sacred to the spirits of the departed: Au((...))dus lived 9 years, 9 months; Lucius Arruntius Salvianus (set this up) to his deserving and most devoted son.
Site Type: Broad
Tomb
SITEDESC
Tombstone, 22 x 22 in, found in 1881 south-west of the fort. D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) / Au((...))dus / uix(it) anno(s) / VIIII menses VIIII / L(ucius) Arruntius Sal/uianus filio / b(ene merenti) piissimo Sacred to the spirits of the departed: Au((...))dus lived 9 years, 9 months; Lucius Arruntius Salvianus (set this up) to his deserving and most devoted son.
Site Name
South Shields vicus, Roman tombstone
Site Type: Specific
Tombstone
HER Number
900
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 900 >> C. Bruce, 1880, On the recent discoveries in the Roman Camp on the Lawe... Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, X, 244 and fig.
W.T. Watkin,1882, Roman Inscriptions discovered in Britain in 1881, Archaeological Journal, XXXIX, 360
R.G. Collingwood & R.P. Wright, 1965, The Roman Inscriptions of Britain, 1062
YEAR1
1992
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
891,902,903
DAY1
09
DAY2
24
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436400
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567500
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
South Shields
Description
A slightly tapering polygonal shaft, broken at the bottom, culminating in a large pine-cone. Found in 1875, while making new roads on the Lawe, "in the burial ground of the South Shields Station". "That the monument is funerary is suggested not only by the pine-cone finial, but by its general resemblance in shape to the so-called Serpent Stone at Maryport, which is a gravestone consisting of a polygonal shaft surmounted by a head". A gold coin was found with the pine-cone.
Site Type: Broad
Settlement
SITEDESC
A slightly tapering polygonal shaft, broken at the bottom, culminating in a large pine-cone. Found in 1875, while making new roads on the Lawe, "in the burial ground of the South Shields Station". "That the monument is funerary is suggested not only by the pine-cone finial, but by its general resemblance in shape to the so-called Serpent Stone at Maryport, which is a gravestone consisting of a polygonal shaft surmounted by a head". A gold coin was found with the pine-cone. Dated C2-C3.
Site Name
South Shields vicus, pine-cone funerary monument
Site Type: Specific
Death Burial or Funerary Object
HER Number
899
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 899 >> JC. Bruce, 1880, On the recent discoveries in the Roman Camp on the Lawe... Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, X, 250
E.J. Phillips, 1977, Great Britain, Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani, Vol. I Fasc. I No. 251
P.T. Bidwell, 1988, The Civilian Settlement...of the Roman Fort at South Shields, No. 30
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1992