Wagonway from East Holywell Colliery (NZ 3123 7314). Terminates at junction with Backworth Wagonway (NZ 3063 7149). Marked East Holywell Colliery Railway on2nd edition Ordnance Survey Map, with a remodelled junction with the Backworth Wagonway and a new one with the NER Blyth & Tyne/Backworth & Morpeth Line (HER ref. 1055). The course of the wagonway is preserved as a trackway.
SITEASS
Several portions of rail are visible within a tarmac road at NZ 3098 7188. The course of the wagonway is preserved as a trackway.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Wagonway from East Holywell Colliery, NZ 3123 7314. Terminates at junction with Backworth Wagonway at NZ 3063 7149. Marked "East Holywell Colliery Railway" on 2nd edn OS Mapping, with a remodelled junction with the Backworth Wagonway and a new one with the NER Blyth & Tyne/Backworth & Morpeth Line (HER 1055).
Site Name
Backworth Colliery, East Holywell Branch
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
1051
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1051 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 81
2000, Moor Edge Farm, Archaeological Assessment; John Elliott & Derek Charlton, 1994, Backworth - An Illustrated History of the Mines and Railways; Alison Deegan, 2018, South East Northumberland Air Photograph and Lidar Mapping Project; Next Perspectives APGB Imagery NZ3173 05-JUN-2016
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2003
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
1150
DAY1
21
District
N Tyneside
Easting
432100
EASTING2
3459
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
573060
NORTHING2
7085
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
A toll road which included Earsdon Turnpike Toll House along it's route (HER ref. 1150).
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
Toll Road. Enters/leaves the county at NZ 3210 7306. Had Earsdon TP along it's route (SMR 1150). Appears, from 1st edn OS mapping to end at NZ3459 7085.
Site Name
Whitley Bay, Toll Road
Site Type: Specific
Toll Road
HER Number
1050
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1050 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 81
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2046,2050,2052
DAY1
21
District
N Tyneside
Easting
432550
EASTING2
3648
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MAP2
NZ36NE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
574730
NORTHING2
6879
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
The Blyth and Tyne Railway was built in 1857, opened in 1860 and abandoned in 1887 when the new eastern loop (HER ref. 2155) was opened. Spital Dean Bridge (HER 2052) carried this line over Cutthroat Lane, just north of Tynemouth. Its southern termini were at Tynemouth & N.Shields (HER refs. 2046 & 2050. By c.1898 the line had been lifted between NZ 3511 7168 and NZ 3620 6940; the southernmost section being reused as part of the NER, Newcastle, Tynemouth & Newcastle line (HER ref. 2155). The southern part of this line followed the course of the earlier Whitley Wagonway, from Whitley Colliery to Low Lights Staith, opened in 1811 by Clarke & Taylor.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Blyth and Tyne Railway. Enters the County at NZ 3255 7473. Its southern termini were at Tynemouth & North Shields, (SMRs 2046,2050). On 2nd edn OS mapping this line has been lifted between NZ 3511 7168 and NZ 3620 6940 the southernmost section of track was reused as part of the NER, Newcastle, Tynemouth & Newcastle line (SMR 2155). The southern part of this line followed the course of the earlier Whitley Wagonway, from Whitley Colliery to Low Lights Staith, which was opened in 1811 by Clarke & Taylor. The Railway was built in 1857, opened in 1860 and abandoned in 1887 when the new eastern loop (SMR 2155) was opened. Spital Dean Bridge (SMR 2052) carried this line over Cutthroat Lane, just north of Tynemouth.
Site Name
Blyth & Tyne Railway
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
1049
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1049 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 81
C. R. Warn, 1976, Wagonways & Early Railways of Northumberland, 1605-1840, 14,49;
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
1051,1059
DAY1
21
DAY2
14
District
N Tyneside
Easting
431280
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
573030
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
East Holywell
Description
East Holywell Colliery, Fenwick Pit, served by wagonways (HER 1051 & 1059). 2nd edn OS mapping shows expansion of internal wagonways, buildings and spoil heaps. Opened in 1828 with the sinking of the Clennell or A Pit. In the 1850s the owners were Plummer, Taylor, Clark and Lamb, later Hugh Taylor & Co, and then East Holywell Coal Company Ltd.The Fenwick Pit or B Pit was sunk in 1874. There was another pit called D Pit at NZ 311 749 (in Northumberland). A mineral railway was built to serve the colliery and a pit village of four terraces was built. An extensive spoil heap grew on the east side of the colliery. Pithead baths were opened in 1939. After the coal industry was nationalised in 1946 many of the buildings were rebuilt or refurbished. Production gradually declined and by the late 1960s the houses had been demolished. The pit closed in August 1973 and the railway was lifted. In 2013 the colliery buildings were recorded by Durham University. They are in a vandalised state. The older buildings are brick, the later part of the workshop/store is walled and roofed with corrugated steel sheets. The winding house has a pitched roof covered with corrugated asbestos cement sheets. The shed on the west wall first appears on OS maps after 1961. The L-shaped office building of painted red brick dates to 1957-1961. It has a projecting porch and tall chimney. Flat concrete roof, extended at the south-west corner into a canopy supported by steel posts. The electrical transformer building is painted brick. It was built after 1940 and is probably contemporary with the winding house. The building It has a flat roof with louvred ventilator shafts. There are ceramic ducts in the walls and channels in the concrete floors to carry large electric cables. The workshop/stores is the largest building on the site. It has been created by linking three older brick buildings. Two of these have open steel roof trusses. A concrete block over a door is dated 1953. The buildings were altered and extended with a steel frame after 1972. The winding house is the tallest building on the site. It housed the engine that raised tubs and men up and down the pit shaft. The original winding house, for a steam engine, was replaced with this one in 1946. The date is on a stone in the west face. Tall square brick building with gabled roof. Single-storey buildings adjoin the building, including the support for the angled steel legs of the winding gear. The older brick buildings are linked by a steel-framed shaed with corrugated cladding. Tall metal-framed windows light the upper storey. This housed the 450 hp Metropolitan Vickers electric motor, the winding drum and brake gear. These are now in No.2 winding house at Woodhorn Colliery. High on the east wall are two bells and a keps indicator. The bells told the banksmen when the cage reached the surface or the pit bottom. The indicator showed that keps or dogs were in position to lock the cage in place at the top of the shaft for loading or unloading.
SITEASS
A number of colliery buildings from the Fenwick Pit survive on the road from Earsdon to Backworth. The mine, which closed in 1973 dated from the early expansion of the South East Northumberland coalfield, having been opened in 1828. The surviving workshops are, however, much later. MPP assessment - Small 19th century colliery reopened/restructured in 1940s. Most of surviving buildings appear to be 20th century in date and include a brick-built horizontal engine house, baths, offices, workshops and stores. Evidence of engine settings may survive within the engine house.MPP assessment - as a group the buildings are of low importnace and the engine house is a poor example of its type. Listing cannot be justified. Record if threatened with demolition.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
East Holywell Colliery, Fenwick Pit, served by wagonways (HER 1051 & 1059). 2nd edn OS mapping shows expansion of internal wagonways, buildings and spoil heaps. Opened in 1828 with the sinking of the Clennell or A Pit. In the 1850s the owners were Plummer, Taylor, Clark and Lamb, later Hugh Taylor & Co, and then East Holywell Coal Company Ltd.The Fenwick Pit or B Pit was sunk in 1874. There was another pit called D Pit at NZ 311 749 (in Northumberland). A mineral railway was built to serve the colliery and a pit village of four terraces was built. An extensive spoil heap grew on the east side of the colliery. Pithead baths were opened in 1939. After the coal industry was nationalised in 1946 many of the buildings were rebuilt or refurbished. Production gradually declined and by the late 1960s the houses had been demolished. The pit closed in August 1973 and the railway was lifted. In 2013 the colliery buildings were recorded by Durham University. They are in a vandalised state. The older buildings are brick, the later part of the workshop/store is walled and roofed with corrugated steel sheets. The winding house has a pitched roof covered with corrugated asbestos cement sheets. The shed on the west wall first appears on OS maps after 1961. The L-shaped office building of painted red brick dates to 1957-1961. It has a projecting porch and tall chimney. Flat concrete roof, extended at the south-west corner into a canopy supported by steel posts. The electrical transformer building is painted brick. It was built after 1940 and is probably contemporary with the winding house. The building It has a flat roof with louvred ventilator shafts. There are ceramic ducts in the walls and channels in the concrete floors to carry large electric cables. The workshop/stores is the largest building on the site. It has been created by linking three older brick buildings. Two of these have open steel roof trusses. A concrete block over a door is dated 1953. The buildings were altered and extended with a steel frame after 1972. The winding house is the tallest building on the site. It housed the engine that raised tubs and men up and down the pit shaft. The original winding house, for a steam engine, was replaced with this one in 1946. The date is on a stone in the west face. Tall square brick building with gabled roof. Single-storey buildings adjoin the building, including the support for the angled steel legs of the winding gear. The older brick buildings are linked by a steel-framed shaed with corrugated cladding. Tall metal-framed windows light the upper storey. This housed the 450 hp Metropolitan Vickers electric motor, the winding drum and brake gear. These are now in No.2 winding house at Woodhorn Colliery. High on the east wall are two bells and a keps indicator. The bells told the banksmen when the cage reached the surface or the pit bottom. The indicator showed that keps or dogs were in position to lock the cage in place at the top of the shaft for loading or unloading.
Alison Deegan: The East Holywell Colliery is depicted on the Ordnance Survey map of 1865. It occupied a rectangular plot beside Brierdean Burn. Air photos taken in the late 1940s show large spoil heaps, wagonway, several colliery buildings, reservoirs and several short rows of terrace houses. Some of the colliery buildings survive but most other elements have been demolished or relandscaped.
Site Name
East Holywell Colliery, Fenwick Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
1048
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 1048 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 81;
I. M. Ayris, Northumberland Mining Records Survey; I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 40; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; John Elliott & Derek Charlton, 1994, Backworth - An Illustrated History of the Mines and Railways; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2012, Former Fenwick Pit, East Holywell, Tyne and Wear - archaeological desk based assessment; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2013, Former colliery buildings, East Holywell, Tyne and Wear - archaeological building recording; Alison Deegan, 2018, South East Northumberland Air Photograph and Lidar Mapping ProjectAlison Deegan, 2018, South East Northumberland Air Photograph and Lidar Mapping Project; RAF/58/1376 F21 228 09-MAR-1954
RAF/540/1792 F22 38 13-MAR-1956; Next Perspectives APGB Imagery NZ3173 05-JUN-2016; Ordnance Survey 6 inch 1865
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2019
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
1045,1046
DAY1
21
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435290
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572850
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Old Shaft (Ironstone) next to Whitley Links. Ironstone, shown on the first edition Ordnance Survey map of c.1860 was worked in galleries by monks during the 18th century, but the workings became uneconomical after the opening of the Cleveland ironstone mines in the early part of the 19th century. Spoil was dumped on the links at Whitley, but much was washed away by the sea. Many workings were filled in when the Interceptor sewer was constructed in the 1970s.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
"Old Shaft (Ironstone)" next to Whitley Links. Ironstone was worked in galleries by monks during the 18th century. The workings became uneconomical after the opening of the Cleveland ironstone mines in the early part of the 19th century. Spoil was dumped on the links at Whitley, but much was washed away by the sea {2}. Large areas of the sea front have been mined for ironstone since 18th century. The Northumberland County History refers to the workings of waste heaps of older coal pits on Whitley Links for ironstone. The Rev. Hodgson, writing in 1821, referred to rubbish heaps of old coal pits, "in them massive pieces of ironstone in flattened spheres". Many workings were filled in when the Interceptor sewer was constructed in the 1970s {3}. The potential remains of post medieval ironstone mines are visible as earthworks on air photographs, centred at NZ 353 729. The largest pit measures approximately 15m across and is situated at NZ 3535 7288, a further cluster of pits is situated at NZ 3531 7298 .The feature appears to be no longer extant on the latest 1988 Ordnance Survey vertical photography.
Site Name
Whitley Bay, Old Shaft (Ironstone)
Site Type: Specific
Ironstone Mine
HER Number
1047
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1047 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 81
S.M. Linsley, 1994, Notes on the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, Iron Mining at Whitley Bay (unpub)
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 50
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1045,1047
DAY1
21
DAY2
21
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435230
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572950
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Old Shaft (Ironstone) next to Whitley Links. Ironstone, shown on the first edition Ordnance Survey map of c.1860 was worked in galleries by monks during the 18th century, but the workings became uneconomical after the opening of the Cleveland ironstone mines in the early part of the 19th century. Spoil was dumped on the links at Whitley, but much was washed away by the sea. Many workings were filled in when the Interceptor sewer was constructed in the 1970s.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
"Old Shaft (Ironstone)" next to Whitley Links. Ironstone was worked in galleries by monks during the 18th century. The workings became uneconomical after the opening of the Cleveland ironstone mines in the early part of the 19th century. Spoil was dumped on the links at Whitley, but much was washed away by the sea {2}. Large areas of the sea front have been mined for ironstone since 18th century. The Northumberland County History refers to the workings of waste heaps of older coal pits on Whitley Links for ironstone. The Rev. Hodgson, writing in 1821, referred to rubbish heaps of old coal pits, "in them massive pieces of ironstone in flattened spheres". Many workings were filled in when the Interceptor sewer was constructed in the 1970s {3}.
Site Name
Old Shaft (Ironstone)
Site Type: Specific
Ironstone Mine
HER Number
1046
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1046 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 81
S.M. Linsley, 1994, Notes on the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, Iron Mining at Whitley Bay (unpub)
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 50
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1046,1047
DAY1
21
DAY2
21
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435210
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
573070
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Old Shaft (Ironstone) next to Whitley Links. Ironstone, shown on the first edition Ordnance Survey map of c.1860 was worked in galleries by monks during the 18th century, but the workings became uneconomical after the opening of the Cleveland ironstone mines in the early part of the 19th century. Spoil was dumped on the links at Whitley, but much was washed away by the sea. Many workings were filled in when the Interceptor sewer was constructed in the 1970s.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
"Old Shaft (Ironstone)" next to Whitley Links. Ironstone was worked in galleries by monks during the 18th century. The workings became uneconomical after the opening of the Cleveland ironstone mines in the early part of the 19th century. Spoil was dumped on the links at Whitley, but much was washed away by the sea {2}. Large areas of the sea front have been mined for ironstone since 18th century. The Northumberland County History refers to the workings of waste heaps of older coal pits on Whitley Links for ironstone. The Rev. Hodgson, writing in 1821, referred to rubbish heaps of old coal pits, "in them massive pieces of ironstone in flattened spheres". Many workings were filled in when the Interceptor sewer was constructed in the 1970s {3}.
Site Name
Whitley Bay, Old Shaft (Ironstone)
Site Type: Specific
Ironstone Mine
HER Number
1045
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1045 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 81
S.M. Linsley, 1994, Notes on the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, Iron Mining at Whitley Bay (unpub)
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 51
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1038
DAY1
21
DAY2
21
District
N Tyneside
Easting
434890
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
573820
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Brier Dean T.P. (Private) Toll House on Blyth Road, shown on the first edition Ordnance Survey map of c.1860.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
"Brier Dean T.P. (Private)" toll House on Blyth Road shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Brier Dean Toll House
Site Type: Specific
Toll House
HER Number
1044
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1044 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 81
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
21
District
N Tyneside
Easting
434870
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
574440
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
900 yard Practice Range, adjacent to Hartley South Farm, shown on the first edition Ordnance Survey map of c.1860.
Site Type: Broad
Military Training Site
SITEDESC
900 yard Practice Range, adjacent to Hartley South Farm, shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Whitley Bay, Practice Range
Site Type: Specific
Firing Range
HER Number
1043
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1043 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 81
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
21
District
N Tyneside
Easting
432980
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
574720
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Mill Dam shown on the first edition Ordnance Survey map of c.1860.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Mill Dam shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Whitley Bay, Mill Dam
Site Type: Specific
Mill Dam
HER Number
1042
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1042 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 81