A wagonway connecting the N.E.R at Killingworth to the wagonway from Burradon to Killingworth Collieries (HER ref. 1080). Built after 1857.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Wagonway, connecting the NER at Killingworth to the wagonway from Burradon to Killingworth Collieries (SMR 1080). Built after 1857.
In 2019, during archaeological monitoring at Killingworth Town Park features associated with the wagonway were recorded. These included a wall footing interpretated as being the remains of a former colliery building and two drainage ditches one of which contained a timber sleeper.
Site Name
Killingworth, Wagonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
1091
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1091 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE; Archaeological Research Services, 2019. Archaeological Watching Brief at Killingworth Town Park, North Tyneside.
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
1080,1065
DAY1
24
District
N Tyneside
Easting
427260
EASTING2
2734
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
572140
NORTHING2
7202
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Burradon
Description
A short section of Wagonway, linking Seatonburn Wagonway with that from Burradon to Killingworth Collieries. Built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Short section of Wagonway, linking Seatonburn Wagonway with that from Burradon to Killingworth Collieries. Built after 1858.
Site Name
Burradon, Wagonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
1090
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1090 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
ADDITINF
?
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M.
DAY1
24
DAY2
26
District
N Tyneside
Easting
424400
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572770
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Wideopen
Description
This sandstone quarry is marked "Old" on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey Map. T.H. Hair records that " in October 1829 a massive fossil tree was discovered at a depth of 42ft, measuring 72 foot long".
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry at Wideopen, marked "Old" on 2nd edn OS mapping. An incident regarding this quarry is recorded in Fossil Flora and reprinted in T.H. Hair indicating that " in October 1829 a massive fossil tree was discovered at a depth of 42ft, measuring 72ft long". The article describes the quarry as a grindstone quarry. BGS marks this as sandstone, indicating massive yellow irony sandstone at base.
Site Name
Wideopen, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
1089
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1089 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M
DAY1
24
DAY2
26
District
N Tyneside
Easting
424220
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572610
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Wideopen
Description
This quarry probably dates from after 1857. A sandstone quarry.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry in Wideopen, not shown on 1st edn OS mapping so probably dates from after 1857. BGS marks this as a sandstone quarry.
Site Name
Wideopen, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
1088
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1088 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M.
Crossref
4243
DAY1
23
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle and N Tyneside
Easting
422830
EASTING2
2347
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
572690
NORTHING2
7213
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Dinnington
Description
A link line from Dinnington Colliery to the former Brunton & Shields/Fawdon Wagonway (HER ref. 1078) from Dinnington Colliery, which opened in 1867. May have been the catalyst for upgrading the whole of what had become the Seaton Burn Wagonway to standard gauge. Dinnington Colliery closed in 1960.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Dinnington Wagonway. Link line from Dinnington Colliery to the former Brunton & Shields/Fawdon Wagonway (SMR 1078) from Dinnington Colliery, which opened in 1867. May have been the catalyst for upgrading the whole of what had become the Seaton Burn Wagonway to standard gauge. Dinnington Colliery closed 1960.
Site Name
Dinnington Wagonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
1087
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1087 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
1085, 1093, 1112
DAY1
06
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435980
EASTING2
2537
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MAP2
NZ36NE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
568790
NORTHING2
6459
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
The Blyth & Tyne Railway, named Newcastle, Tynemouth & Newcastle Railway on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey Map. It included Benton Station (HER ref. 1085, Forest Hall Station (HER ref. 1119) and Backworth Station (HER ref. 1146). It was connected to Seatonburn Wagonway by a spur (HER ref. 1131). Its Eastern terminus was at the junction with the Blyth & Tyne, Avenue Branch (HER ref. 1049); its southern junction was Newbridge Terminus (HER ref. 4135). The line was formally opened from Monkseaton to Newcastle in 1864.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
The Blyth & Tyne Railway, with Benton Station (SMR 1085). Named Newcastle, Tynemouth & Newcastle Railway on 2nd edition OS mapping. Also had Forest Hall Station (SMR 1119) and Backworth Station (SMR 1146). Connected to Seatonburn Wagonway by spur (SMR 1131). Eastern terminus was at junction with Blyth & Tyne, Avenue Branch (SMR 1049) at NZ 3598 6879, its southern was Newbridge Terminus (SMR 4135). Formally opened, having been constructed by the Blyth & Tyne Railway, in 1864, from Monkseaton to Newcastle.
Site Name
Tynemouth & Newcastle Railway
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
1086
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1086 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 80
C.E. Lee, 1949, Tyneside Tramroads of Northumberland 1947-9, Transactions of the Newcomen Society, p.220
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
1086
DAY1
23
District
N Tyneside
Easting
427030
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568460
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Longbenton
Description
Benton Station, on the Blyth & Tyne Railway (HER 1086). Opened on 27th June 1864 and closed on 1st March 1871. Four Lane Ends Metro Station opened on 11th March 1980.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Benton Station, on the Blyth & Tyne Railway (HER 1086). Opened on 27th June 1864 and closed on 1st March 1871. Four Lane Ends Metro Station opened on 11th March 1980.
Site Name
Benton Station (Four Lane Ends Metro Station)
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
1085
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1085 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 80; W.G. Elliott, Bygone Days of Longbenton, Benton, Forest Hall, West Moor, Killingworth, Palmersville and Benton Square, Book Two, p 4; W.G. Elliott and Edwin Smith, Bygone Days of Longbenton, Benton, Forest Hall, West Moor and Killingworth, p 47
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
1063
DAY1
23
District
N Tyneside
Easting
427720
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569740
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Longbenton
Description
Benton Station opened on the N.E.R. (HER 1063) on 1st March 1847. It was renamed Forest Hall Station in 1874 (replaced the old Forest Hall Station HER 1119). It closed in 1958. The stationmaster's house and ticket office on the north side of the station were demolished in 1963 to make way for the 'Flying Scotsman' public house which opened in May 1967.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Benton Station opened on the NER (HER 1063) on 1st March 1847. It was renamed Forest Hall Station in 1874 (replaced the old Forest Hall Station HER 1119). It closed in 1958. The stationmaster's house and ticket office on the north side of the station were demolished in 1963 to make way for the 'Flying Scotsman' public house which opened in May 1967.
Site Name
Benton Station (Forest Hall Station)
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
1084
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1084 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 80; W.G. Elliott, Bygone Days of Longenton, Benton, Forest Hall, West Moor, Killingworth, Palmersville and Benton Square, Book 2, pp 49, 50, 51 and back cover; W.G. Elliott and Edwin Smith, Bygone Days of Longbenton, Benton, Forest Hall, West Moor and Killingworth, pp 47, 59-60
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1131, 1161, 1160, 15351
DAY1
23
DAY2
06
District
N Tyneside
Easting
426820
EASTING2
3099
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SE
MAP2
NZ36NW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
570890
NORTHING2
6532
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Killingworth
Description
Killingworth Moor Waggonway (HER 1160) was extended to the north-west in the 1800s with the opening of Killingworth Colliery’s West Moor Pit in 1802, followed in 1808 and 1820 by branch lines to Killingworth High Pit (HER 1060) and Burradon Colliery (HER 1080) respectively. Killingworth Waggonway is famous for its association with George Stephenson’s development of steam locomotives at Killingworth Colliery beginning with 'Blucher' in 1814. Along with William Losh, the senior partner of Walker ironworks, Stephenson also helped develop the patented Losh Rail in 1819, with which the whole of the waggonway was eventually re-laid. By 1822, five steam locomotives were working the route in winter and four in summer (Warn 1976, 17-18). Access to the River Tyne was altered in 1820 when a new route was opened to Wallsend Staiths (HER 15351). Prior to this, the fall down to the staiths at Willington had been converted into an inclined plane.
SITEASS
The fragmentary remains of the brick and stone abutments which once carried the wagonway viaduct (HER 1184) over the Wallsend Burn survive at NZ 3035 6713. A very substantial wagonway embankment survives to the north of this at NZ 3034 6734. Until recently this was a public footpath but in 2002 it is very overgrown.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Killingworth Moor Waggonway (HER 1160) was extended to the north-west in the 1800s with the opening of Killingworth Colliery’s West Moor Pit in 1802, followed in 1808 and 1820 by branch lines to Killingworth High Pit (HER 1060) and Burradon Colliery (HER 1080) respectively. Killingworth Waggonway is famous for its association with George Stephenson’s development of steam locomotives at Killingworth Colliery beginning with 'Blucher' in 1814. Along with William Losh, the senior partner of Walker ironworks, Stephenson also helped develop the patented Losh Rail in 1819, with which the whole of the waggonway was eventually re-laid. By 1822, five steam locomotives were working the route in winter and four in summer (Warn 1976, 17-18). Access to the River Tyne was altered in 1820 when a new route was opened to Wallsend Staiths (HER 15351). Prior to this, the fall down to the staiths at Willington had been converted into an inclined plane.
Site Name
Killingworth Wagonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
1083
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1083 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 80;
C. R. Warn, 1976, Wagonways & Early Railways of Northumberland, 1605-1840 p.10;
I. M. Ayris, Northumberland Mining Records Survey;
C.E. Lee, 1949, Tyneside Tramroads of Northumberland 1947-9, Transactions of the Newcomen Society, p.212; W.W. Tomlinson, 1914, The North Eastern Railway - Its Rise and Development, pp 27-30; Alan Williams Archaeology, 2012, Waggonways North of River Tyne: Tyne and Wear HER Enhancement Project; DSJ Timoney, 1983, Waggonways of Tyne and Wear, p 96, route 26; Turnbull, L. 2012 Railways Before George Stephenson, route 14B; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2012, Hadrian Riverside, Wallsend, Tyne and Wear - archaeological assessment
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2012
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
1083
DAY1
23
DAY2
20
District
N Tyneside
Easting
427270
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SE
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570500
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Killingworth
Description
Killingworth Colliery, West Moor Pit. 1st edn OS mapping is unclear but seems to show two shafts, a cistern, a sluice and a gin within the mine. The colliery was served by a wagonway (SMR 1083). This may have been the pit opened by the Grand Allies in 1761, it was certainly opened before 1806 and was closed by 1900. Lord Ravensworth & Partners owned it in the 1800s. Colliery disasters - explosions killed 5 on 18 january 1844, 10 on 3 April 1845 and 9 on 31 October 1851.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Killingworth Colliery, West Moor Pit. This may have been the pit opened by the Grand Allies in 1761. Sinking commenced in 1802 and the High Main seam was reached in 1805. The miners lived nearby in Long Row, Short Row, Lane Row, Cross Row, Crank Row, High Row, Paradise Row and Office Row. Lord Ravensworth & Partners owned it in the 1800s. George Stephenson worked here. In 1812 he was promoted to engine wright because he had successfully repaired a Newcomen pumping engine. In 1813 he began work on his first steam locomotive "Blucher". His hand powered lathe used at Killingworth Colliery is now at the Dept of Mechanical Engineering at Newcastle University and the associated wheel at York Railway Museum. In 1814 Stephenson invented his safety lamp. Nicholas Wood, mining engineer assisted Stephenson with his inventions and became manager of the pit. There were unsuccessful strikes in 1831-1832 by the Thomas Hepburn Union. There was another strike in 1844 followed by more evictions. Deep resentment at West Moor Pit culminated in 1849 when rioters threw tubs down the shaft and cur the winding ropes. Thomas Hepburn died in obscurity in 1864. Colliery disasters - 10 men were killed in an explosion in 1806, 12 died in 1809, in 1814 an underground fire suffocated several workers. In 1815 a boy died at the blower where Stephenson's safety lamp had been tested. An explosion in 1815 killed one miner and burnt three more. There was another fire in 1817. In 1818 Nicholas Wood and Robert Stephenson, his trainee managed to escape when gas fired. An underground gas explosion in 1822 burned several men including Wood. A boy was killed in 1829. An explosion killed 5 men and seriously burned 6 (they later died) on 18 January 1844. On 3 April 1845 there was a large blast which killed 9 people. Coroner Stephen Reed held an inquest the next day. Nicholas Wood said the explosion was caused by the ignition of an accumulation of gas by a trapper boy's candle (the adults all carried safety lamps rather than candles). But the inquest attached no blame to the Colliery Owners. Local churches collected £26 for the bereaved families. In October 1851 William Simpson, hewer, was badly burnt in an explosion. He died a week later on 30 October. The very next day on 31 October 1851 there was another explosion, killing 9 workers. One man had taken in candles and gunpowder. The inquest, again by Stephen Reed, reported that ventilation had deteriorated due to the wetness of the upcast shaft which reduced the effectiveness of the furnaces. All the miners had safety lamps but candles were used on the rolleyway 60 yards away. West Moor Pit closed in 1882 due to the collapse of the main shaft whilst undergoing repairs.
Site Name
Killingworth Colliery, West Moor Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
1082
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1082 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 80
C.R. Warn, 1976, Wagonways & Early Railways of Northumberland, p.10
I. M. Ayris, Northumberland Mining Records Survey; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; F. Atkinson, 1980, North East England - People at Work 1860-1950; W.G. Elliott and Edwin Smith, Bygone Days of Longbenton, Benton, Forest Hall, West Moor and Killingworth, p 74; Roy Thompson, 'How long did the ponies live? The story of the colliery of Killingworth and West Moor'; Roy Thompson, 2004, Thunder Underground - Northumberland Mine Disasters 1815-65, p 22, 62, 71-79; S Smiles, 1868, Life of the Stephensons; Alan Williams Archaeology, 2012, Developments at Comet Row, Killingworth - Archaeological Assessment; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2015, Southgate, Killingworth - Archaeological Assessment