This north-south wagonway was identified during trial trenching carried out in 2020. Only the trackside gullies filled with coal fines survived.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
This north-south wagonway was identified during trial trenching carried out in 2020. Only the trackside gullies filled with coal fines survived.
Site Name
Birtley, waggonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
19055
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
AD Archaeology, 2020, Land at Birtley Phase III (Cell C), Gateshead: Archaeological Evaluation
YEAR1
2021
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Sophie Laidler
Crossref
16960
DAY1
12
District
S Tyneside
Easting
430470
Grid ref figure
10
MATERIAL
Concrete
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563770
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Hebburn
Description
A Second World War Air raid precaution post or firewatcher's post located adjacent to the car park at Hebburn Sports and Social Club (cricket ground).
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
A possible Air Raid Precaution or firewatcher's post located adjacent to the car park at Hebburn Sports and Social Club (cricket ground).
Site Name
South Drive, Air Raid Precaution or firewatcher's post
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Wardens Post
HER Number
19054
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
Per comms.
YEAR1
2021
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Sophie Laidler
DAY1
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
433220
Grid ref figure
10
LANDUSE
Grassland
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
553220
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Penshaw
Description
Ridge and furrow earthworks which are thought to have medieval and/or post-medieval origins. The earthworks have been identified to be typical of those created by medieval oxen-driven ploughs.
Site Type: Broad
Cultivation Marks
SITEDESC
Ridge and furrow earthworks which are thought to have medieval and/or post-medieval origins. The earthworks have been identified to be typical of those created by medieval oxen-driven ploughs.
Site Name
Chester Road, ridge and furrow
Site Type: Specific
Ridge and Furrow
HER Number
19053
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
Archaeological Services Durham University, 2016, Land at Chester Road, Penshaw, Tyne and Wear archaeological desk-based assessment, ASDU report 4064; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2020 Land at Chester Road, Penshaw, Tyne and Wear, geophysical survey, ASDU report 5326; Archaeological Services Durham University 2020, Land at Chester Road, Penshaw, Tyne and Wear, archaeological evaluation report 5365;
YEAR1
2021
English, British
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Sophie Laidler
COMP2
Sophie Laidler
Crossref
7043
DAY1
01
DAY2
06
District
Sunderland
Easting
432234
Grid ref figure
10
LANDUSE
Garden
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
552933
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Penshaw
Description
A 19th century walled garden located east of Penshaw House (HER 7043) a Grade II listed building (List Entry 1354969) which was constructed c. 1830. The walled garden is considered to form part of the visual and context setting of the listed building. The walled garden was constructed when Penshaw House was owned by Nathaniel Hindhaugh who in 1847 was responsible for the diversion of Station Road to create private grounds for the house. The walled garden does not appear on the tithe map of 1848 and first appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1857-1889. The walled garden was subject to Historic England Level 2 standard building recording in 2022 prior to refurbishment. A series of horticultural cold frames were recorded adjacent to the eastern wall and in the south-west corners of the walled garden. A greenhouse/glass house was recorded in the north-east corner, and an iron pipe was noted to run from the easternmost structure along the northern wall towards the greenhouse/glasshouse. The presence of the iron pipe suggests that there was a boiler house which would have been used for heating the structure within the walled garden. One of the bricks within the greenhouse/glasshouse was stamped ‘PENSHAW BRICK WKS CO DURHAM’ which was in operation from between 1897-1925 (Davison 1986, 187). The south face of the southern boundary of the garden comprises of a roughly coursed sandstone wall with coping stones, the north facing side of the wall comprises of a brick lining in an English Garden Wall bond. The western part of the boundary wall survived for 17.50m ENE/WSW and was 0.46m wide and 1.57m high. Many walled gardens have stone on the external face and brickwork on the internal is because brick absorbs and retains solar heat and then slowly releases it, which allows fruit trees and other more tender plants to be grown within the garden (PCA 2020). The south-east boundary wall is noted in the report to be in a poor condition due to stability issues caused by nearby tree roots. Modern brick buttress had been constructed to hold up the western part of the wall. The boundary between the walled garden and Penshaw House is formed out of a low c.19th century ashlar stone wall with later 20th century steel railings. It has been suggested that the steel railings were installed to replace the original railings which could have been removed in the Second World War. Located in the north-west corner of the garden, there is a cast-iron gate and gate posts which could be remnants of earlier metal works.
Site Type: Broad
Garden
SITEDESC
A 19th century walled garden located east of Penshaw House (HER 7043) a Grade II listed building (List Entry 1354969) which was constructed c. 1830. The walled garden is considered to form part of the visual and context setting of the listed building. The walled garden was constructed when Penshaw House was owned by Nathaniel Hindhaugh who in 1847 was responsible for the diversion of Station Road to create private grounds for the house. The walled garden does not appear on the tithe map of 1848 and first appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1857-1889. The walled garden was subject to Historic England Level 2 standard building recording in 2022 prior to refurbishment. A series of horticultural cold frames were recorded adjacent to the eastern wall and in the south-west corners of the walled garden. A greenhouse/glass house was recorded in the north-east corner, and an iron pipe was noted to run from the easternmost structure along the northern wall towards the greenhouse/glasshouse. The presence of the iron pipe suggests that there was a boiler house which would have been used for heating the structure within the walled garden. One of the bricks within the greenhouse/glasshouse was stamped ‘PENSHAW BRICK WKS CO DURHAM’ which was in operation from between 1897-1925 (Davison 1986, 187). The south face of the southern boundary of the garden comprises of a roughly coursed sandstone wall with coping stones, the north facing side of the wall comprises of a brick lining in an English Garden Wall bond. The western part of the boundary wall survived for 17.50m ENE/WSW and was 0.46m wide and 1.57m high. Many walled gardens have stone on the external face and brickwork on the internal is because brick absorbs and retains solar heat and then slowly releases it, which allows fruit trees and other more tender plants to be grown within the garden (PCA 2020). The south-east boundary wall is noted in the report to be in a poor condition due to stability issues caused by nearby tree roots. Modern brick buttress had been constructed to hold up the western part of the wall. The boundary between the walled garden and Penshaw House is formed out of a low c.19th century ashlar stone wall with later 20th century steel railings. It has been suggested that the steel railings were installed to replace the original railings which could have been removed in the Second World War. Located in the north-west corner of the garden, there is a cast-iron gate and gate posts which could be remnants of earlier metal works.
Site Name
Walled Garden, Penshaw House
Site Type: Specific
Walled Garden
HER Number
19052
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
Northern Archaeological Associates, 2021, Land at Penshaw House, Station Road, Penshaw, Sunderland, NAA 21/44; Pre-construct Archaeology, 2022, Penshaw House Walled Garden, Penshaw, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear: Historic Building Recording PCA report R15193
YEAR1
2021
YEAR2
2022
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Sophie Laidler
Crossref
1304
DAY1
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
424219
Grid ref figure
10
LANDUSE
Building
MATERIAL
Wood
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567863
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Mid 20th Century 1933 to 1966
Place
Gosforth
Description
East Denton Hall chapel was removed and installed at 26 West Avenue. The chapel was moved as the Bishop’s residence was moved from East Denton Hall which had been the Bishop’s House since 1942, to West Avenue
Site Type: Broad
Place of Worship
SITEDESC
East Denton Hall chapel was removed and installed at 26 West Avenue. The chapel was moved as the Bishop’s residence was moved from East Denton Hall which has been the Bishop’s House since 1942, to West Avenue.
Site Name
Bishop's House, Chapel
Site Type: Specific
Chapel
HER Number
19051
Sources
Hexham and Newcastle Diocesan, 2020, Record of the Chapel at Bishop’s House, Chapel attributed to Robert Burke for East Denton Hall relocated to new Bishop’s House, 26 West Avenue, Gosforth
YEAR1
2021
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Sophie Laidler
DAY1
23
District
Newcastle
Easting
420234
Grid ref figure
10
LANDUSE
Building
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565377
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Denton
Description
A member of the public reported that his father worked at what was Self's Garage opposite the Denton Hotel in the 1950s, and had said that during works to build bigger premises they uncovered a ‘tiled well’, but it was covered up so that work could continue.
Site Type: Broad
Water Storage Site
SITEDESC
A member of the public reported that his father worked at what was Self's Garage opposite the Denton Hotel in the 1950s, and had said that during works to build bigger premises they uncovered a ‘tiled well’, but it was covered up so that work could continue.
Site Name
Thorntree Garage, well
Site Type: Specific
Well
HER Number
19050
Sources
Per comms.
YEAR1
2021
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
CONDITION
Uncertain
DAY1
17
District
N Tyneside
Easting
428480
Grid ref figure
10
LANDUSE
Cultivated Land
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570742
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Killingworth
Description
This possible enclosure was identified from Google Earth Pro aerial photography by a desk based assessment in 2021 (event 5162 report 2021/31). It appears as a darker cropmark suggesting a ditch. It is square in shape and measures approximately 30m across. The edges are aligned with the ploughing regime of the field which may indicate a modern agricultural origin.
Site Type: Broad
Field System
SITEDESC
This possible enclosure was identified from Google Earth Pro aerial photography by a desk based assessment in 2021 (event 5162 report 2021/31). It appears as a darker cropmark suggesting a ditch. It is square in shape and measures approximately 30m across. The edges are aligned with the ploughing regime of the field which may indicate a modern agricultural origin.
Site Name
Killingworth Lane
Site Type: Specific
Field System
HER Number
19049
Form of Evidence
Cropmark
Sources
Vindomora Solutions Ltd 2021, Land at Killingworth Road, Killingworth Village, North Tyneside: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment. Report 373-21-DBA.
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2021
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
CONDITION
Destroyed
Crossref
5226, 11928
DAY1
15
District
Gateshead
Easting
421868
Grid ref figure
10
MATERIAL
Steel
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561263
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Whickham
Description
This Anderson shelter was located at the northern corner of the gardener's cottage garden and constructed of corrugated steel sheet with an earthen covering and an entrance facing the garden wall. The shelter was non-standard and only 1.3m long. The remains were recorded prior to clearance in 2021.
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
This Anderson shelter was located at the northern corner of the gardener's cottage garden and constructed of corrugated steel sheet with an earthen covering and an entrance facing the garden wall. The shelter was non-standard and only 1.3m long. The remains were recorded prior to clearance in 2021 {1}.
Site Name
Dunston Hill House, Anderson shelter
Site Type: Specific
Anderson Shelter
HER Number
19048
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
ASDU 2021, Dunston Hill Hospital, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear: archaeological building recording. ASDU report 5509.
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2021
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
CONDITION
Destroyed
Crossref
5226, 11928
DAY1
15
District
Gateshead
Easting
421870
Grid ref figure
10
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561253
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Whickham
Description
This gardener's cottage is shown on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map located to the southwest of the walled garden. It was built of coursed squared rubble and largely demolished in the later 20th century. The lower part of the south-west gable and a large fireplace survived. The remains were recorded prior to clearance in 2021.
Site Type: Broad
Estate Building
SITEDESC
This gardener's cottage is shown on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map located to the southwest of the walled garden. It was built of coursed squared rubble and largely demolished in the later 20th century. The lower part of the south-west gable and a large fireplace survived. The remains were recorded prior to clearance in 2021 {1}.
Site Name
Dunston Hill House, gardener’s cottage
Site Type: Specific
Estate Cottage
HER Number
19047
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
ASDU 2021, Dunston Hill Hospital, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear: archaeological building recording. ASDU report 5509.
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2021
English, British
Class
Commemorative
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
CONDITION
Fair
Crossref
6854
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
424220
Grid ref figure
10
LANDUSE
Thoroughfare
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564239
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Stone plaque relocated to the eastern edge of the Helix site in an area of open space known as Blue Star Square, at the southwest corner of the intersection between St James' Boulevard and Bath Lane, on the former line of Corporation Street. The foundation stone element is described in the 2006 archaeological desk-based assessment and building recording report for the site (event 2735 report 2006/142) as 'the original foundation stone from the Barras Brewery in Gateshead [which] was transported across the Tyne and installed in the new brewers’ accommodation block, which was built in the brewery yard.' The plaque was located on the south side of the buildings fronting onto Corporation Street, but Figure 66 in the 2006 report shows that the plaque had been removed and placed into storage by this time.
The plaque reads:
ESTABLISHED A.D. 1770. [on a rectangular block brought from the brewery John Barras set up in Gateshead in 1770]
REMOVED FROM GATESHEAD 1884 [on a decorative arch above a recess, the company move effected by John Barras & Company taking over the Tyne Brewery]
THE NEWCASTLE BREWERIES LIMITED [within the recess with a blue star below, the new company formed in 1890 by John Barras & Company amalgamating with several other breweries]
Site Type: Broad
Commemorative Monument
SITEDESC
Stone plaque relocated to the eastern edge of the Helix site in an area of open space known as Blue Star Square, at the southwest corner of the intersection between St James' Boulevard and Bath Lane, on the former line of Corporation Street. The foundation stone element is described in the 2006 archaeological desk-based assessment and building recording report for the site (event 2735 report 2006/142) as 'the original foundation stone from the Barras Brewery in Gateshead [which] was transported across the Tyne and installed in the new brewers’ accommodation block, which was built in the brewery yard.' The plaque was located on the south side of the buildings fronting onto Corporation Street, but Figure 66 in the 2006 report shows that the plaque had been removed and placed into storage by this time.
The plaque reads:
ESTABLISHED A.D. 1770. [on a rectangular block brought from the brewery John Barras set up in Gateshead in 1770]
REMOVED FROM GATESHEAD 1884 [on a decorative arch above a recess, the company move effected by John Barras & Company taking over the Tyne Brewery]
THE NEWCASTLE BREWERIES LIMITED [within the recess with a blue star below, the new company formed in 1890 by John Barras & Company amalgamating with several other breweries]