At his Site 7, south of Bar Moor, W. A. Cocks's found during the 1940s and 1950s about 100 flints. Amongst these he recorded 47 scrapers of various shapes and sizes, a borer, 14 cores, chips, etc., 10 assorted flint flakes 10 scrapers or strike-a-lights, 4 leaf-shaped arrowheads, 3 blades, 2 tanged and barbed arrowheads, 2 gunflints, a light grey flint point microlith interpreted as of Bronze Age type rather than Mesolithic, a brownish grey flint knife, and a 'chopper'. This collection is not yet properly published and the field from which it came has subsequently changed shape.
SITEASS
This field is no longer as it was in Cocks' time, - the N boundary has been changed, and the SE corner clipped by the Ryton-Crawcrook bypass. It would be desirable to have this whole collection properly published.
Site Type: Broad
Artefact Scatter
SITEDESC
In his Site 7, south of Bar Moor, Cocks found during the 1940s and 1950s c. 100 flints. He recorded in his notebook that 4 certainly, nos. 34, 36, 324-5, and 2 possibly, nos. 2 and 196, were leaf-shaped arrowheads.
Site Name
Ryton (Bar Moor), Cocks Site 7
Site Type: Specific
Flint Scatter
HER Number
529
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 529 >> Museum of Antiquities, Notebooks of W.A. Cocks
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 20, no. 7.1
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
521
DAY1
03
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
412370
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SW
MONTH1
1
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SW 8
Northing
563360
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Bradley
Description
Bradley seems to have become distinct, though not then separated, from Crawcrook by the late 13th century when the bishop granted Wm de Garmundesway 5.5 acres in the old field of Bradley. In c. 1320 Wm de Bradley, son of Wm de Garmundesway, granted John son of Richard de Horsley his capital messuage, watermill and land in Bradley, and in 1497 Bradley Hall is described as a manor. It must be supposed that this medieval manor house was the antecedent of the present 18th century hall, though not necessarily on the same site. By the mid-19th century Bradley Hall and grounds were no longer in the township of Crawcrook, but had been transferred to Ryton Woodside.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Bradley, whatever this meant at the time, seems to have become distinct, though not then separated, from Crawcrook by the late C13 when the bishop granted Wm de Garmundesway 5.5 acres in the old field of Bradley. In c. 1320 Wm de Bradley, son of Wm de Garmundesway, granted John son of Richard de Horsley his capital messuage, watermill and land in Bradley, and in 1497 Bradley Hall is described as a manor. It must be supposed that this medieval ?manor house was the antecedent of the present 18th century hall, though not necessarily on the same site. N.B. the above grid reference is for the existing hall. It should be noted that, in the mid C19, Bradley Hall and grounds were no longer in the township of Crawcrook, but had been transferred (why and when?) to Ryton Woodside. Dated C14th.
Site Name
Bradley Hall (medieval)
Site Type: Specific
Manor House
SITE_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II
HER Number
527
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 527 >> W. Greenwell, ed. 1856, Bishop Hatfield's Survey, Surtees Society, 32, p. 90
A.M. Oliver, ed. 1929, Northumberland and Durham Deeds, Newcastle upon Tyne Record Series, VII, nos. 41, 42, 51
R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, Vol. II, pp. 266-8
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
525
DAY1
03
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
412140
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SW
MONTH1
1
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564440
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Bradley
Description
A watermill is shown at Bradley, on the east bank of the Stanley Burn, on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey 6 inches plan, but its origins are obscure. In addition to medieval references to the mill of Crawcrook, there is specific mention in 1320 to a mill in Bradley. The arrangement of two mills is perhaps made more likely by the division of Crawcrook between Kepier Hospital and the Horsleys of Bradley in the 14th century.
SITEASS
This is a speculative entry which needs proving! At least the C19 site should be inspected to see what remains.
Site Type: Broad
Food and Drink Industry Site
SITEDESC
There is certainly a watermill at Bradley on the O.S. 1st ed. 6" map; the question is how long has it been there. In addition to the medieval references to the mill of Crawcrook, there is specific mention in 1320 to a mill possibly/probably in Bradley: Grant by Wm de Bradley son of Wm de Garmondisway to John son of Sir Richard de Horseley of his capital messuage and water mill and land in Bradley in the territory of Crawcrook. The arrangement of two mills is perhaps made more likely by the division of Crawcrook between Kepier Hospital and the Horsleys of Bradley in C14. The 1st ed. map shows the mill on the east bank of the Stanley Burn, apparently with weir, ponds and millstream. Dated C14th.
Site Name
Bradley mill
Site Type: Specific
Corn Mill
HER Number
526
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 526 >> A.M. Oliver, ed. 1929, Northumberland and Durham Deeds, Newcastle upon Tyne Record Series, VII, no. 42
W. Bourn, 1896, History of the Parish of Ryton, p. 49
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
521,526
DAY1
01
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
413370
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NW
MONTH1
1
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565030
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Crawcrook
Description
The first reference to a mill in Crawcrook is in Boldon Buke, c. 1183 (a survey of land belonging to the Bishop of Durham, Hugh du Puiset). There is a reference in the 13th century to a mill and millstream, in 1320 to "a capital messuage, water mill and land in Bradley", and in 1390 to a water mill in the vill of Crawcrook. This might imply two mills even in the Middle Ages, Crawcrook and Bradley (see HER no. 526), but it is impossible to be sure. In 1800 the enclosure award lists a "water corn mill called Crawcrook East Mill", and the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan shows Crawcrook Mill (corn) on the north side of the East Field, with a mill dam apparently fed from Eadington Well. It has disappeared under Clara Vale.
SITEASS
See Bradley Mill, SMR 526. Inspect both sites and see what remains.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
The first reference to a mill in Crawcrook is in Boldon Buke, c. 1183 (a survey of land belonging to the Bishop of Durham, Hugh du Puiset). There is a reference in the C13 to a mill and millstream, in 1320 to "a capital messuage, water mill and land in Bradley", in 1390 to a water mill in the vill of Crawcrook. This might imply two mills even in the Middle Ages, Crawcrook and Bradley, but it is impossible to be sure. In 1800 the enclosure award lists a "water corn mill called Crawcrook East Mill", and the 1st ed. O.S. map shows Crawcrook Mill (corn) on the north side of the East Field, with a mill dam apparently fed from Eadington Well. It has disappeared under Clara Vale. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Crawcrook Mill
Site Type: Specific
Watermill
HER Number
525
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 525 >> W. Greenwell, ed. 1852, Boldon Buke, Surtees Society, Vol. 25, p. 69
J. Wharmby, ed. 1895, Memorials of St. Giles's, Durham, Surtees Society,Vol. 95, pp. xxiv, 202
A.M. Oliver, ed. 1929, Northumberland and Durham Deeds, Newcastle upon Tyne Record Series, Vol. VII, nos. 42, 46
E. Mackenzie & M.Ross, 1834, View of...Durham, Vol. I, pp. 205-06
Enclosure Award, 1800, Crawcrook open fields, Q.D.B.5 p. 519 -Durham Records Office
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
523
DAY1
01
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
428660
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
Anglo-Saxon
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561940
General Period
EARLY MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Early Medieval 410 to 1066
Place
Heworth
Description
A supposed Anglo-Saxon earthenware jar containing about a dozen stycas of Ecgfrith (A.D. 670-685 A.D.) was found in ?1822 during the digging of a grave in a part of 'Heworth chapel yard' which had never been used for burial. This find was exhibited to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle by the Rev. John Hodgson, then Rector of Jarrow, and thought to support a date contemporary with Jarrow for the foundation of Heworth chapel. In the early 1980s the coins were found to be fakes of the late 18th century or early 19th century, made of metal which had originally been George III pennies. The date of the pot is therefore also now open to doubt.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
A pot containing about a dozen supposed Anglo-Saxon stycas of Ecgfrith (A.D. 670-685) were found in ?1822 during the digging of a grave in a part of "Heworth chapel yard" which had never been used for burial. This find was exhibited to the Society of Antiquaries by the Rev. John Hodgson, then Rector of Jarrow, and thought to support a date contemporary with Jarrow for the foundation of Heworth chapel. In the early 1980s the coins were examined, and found to be fakes, i.e. they were made of metal which had originally been pennies temp. George III. The pot is now also suspect.
Site Name
Heworth, supposed Anglo-Saxon coins in a pot
Site Type: Specific
Coin Hoard
HER Number
524
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 524 >> Rev. J. Hodgson, 1822, An Account of a Saxon Coin of Ecgfrith, King of Northumberland... Archaeologia Aeliana, 1, I, pp. 124-5
C.C. Hodges in W. Page, ed. 1905, Anglo-Saxon Remains, Victoria County History, Durham, Vol. I, p. 216
Pers. Comm. L. Allason-Jones, 1984 - Historic Environment Record
Gateshead Post, 1984 Joke rebounds on Heworth church, 9.viii.1984
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Health and Welfare
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
01
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
415000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SW 12
Northing
564000
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Ryton
Description
This entry is based on a single documentary reference supposedly to a leper hospital in Ryton, founded before 1242. Its exact location and date of dissolution are unknown.
Site Type: Broad
Hospital
SITEDESC
This entry is based on a single documentary reference supposedly to a leper hospital in Ryton, founded before 1242. Date of dissolution unknown. There is no known site. The above grid reference, and hence the map number, is to Ryton village, but seems more likely than the O.S. NZ 1363, which puts it in Crawcrook on the neighbouring map. The reference does not seem to prove beyond doubt the hospital's existence. "Johannes Bercarius et utting filius eius de domo leprosorum fugerunt pro bidentum huarum prepositi de Riton furto, et malecreduntur. Iudicium, exigantur per sectam Curie. Et quia Magister Hospicii non habuit dictos Johannem et utting, ideo in misericordia". Dated C13th.
Site Name
Ryton, leper hospital
Site Type: Specific
Leper Hospital
HER Number
522
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 522 >> K.E. Bayley, ed. 1916, Misc. II: Two Thirteenth-Century Durham Assize Rolls, Surtees Society,Vol. 127, p. 19
D. Knowles & R.N. Hadcock, 1953, Medieval Religious Houses - England and Wales, p. 303
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
01
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
413400
Grid ref figure
6
HEIGHT_OD
76
Map Sheet
NZ16SW
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563300
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Crawcrook
Description
The earliest reference is in Boldon Buke, c. 1183 (a survey of land belonging to the Bishop of Durham, Hugh du Puiset), when Crawcrook was a farmed vill with a mill. In the 13th century the bishop granted the vill to Kepier Hospital, and subsequently it came to be divided between the Hospital and the Horsley family, the Horsleys holding - among other things - the manor of Bradley. In 1794, when the open fields were enclosed, there were said to be 12 ancient farms. Although the present village is almost entirely modern its early shape is nevertheless detectable.
SITEASS
Further documentary work needed, particularly on the enclosures.
Site Type: Broad
Settlement
SITEDESC
The earliest reference is in Boldon Buke, c. 1183 (a survey of land belonging to the Bishop of Durham, Hugh du Puiset), when Crawcrook with the villeins, demesne and mill was at farm. In the C13 the bishop granted the vill to Kepier Hospital.19th century local historians seem agreed that Crawcrook then came to be divided between the Hospital, and the Horsley family, the Horsleys holding - among other things - the manor of Bradley. In 1794, when the open fields were enclosed, there were said to be 12 ancient farms. Though, when Bourn was writing at the end of the C19, he noted that the village was almost entirely modern its early shape is nevertheless detectable. This is described by Roberts and Austin as Type 6, "Irregular two-row plan, without a green, and sometimes 'winding'". Dated C12th.
Site Name
Crawcrook village
Site Type: Specific
Village
HER Number
521
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 521 >> W. Greenwell, ed. 1852, Boldon Buke, Surtees Society, 25, p. 69
W. Greenwell, ed. 1856, Bishop Hatfield's Survey, Surtees Society, 32, pp. 90, 109, 262
J. Barmby, ed. 1896, Memorials of St. Giles's, Durham, Surtees Society, 95 (for 1895), pp. xxiv-v, 202
G.V. Scammell, 1956, Hugh de Puiset, p. 232
A.M. Oliver, ed. 1929, Northumberland and Durham Deeds, Newcastle upon Tyne Record Series, VII, nos. 41-2, 46-7, 50-1, 53
R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, Vol. II, pp. 266-7
W. Bourn, 1896, History of the Parish of Ryton, pp. 45-47
Enclosure Awards, 1800, Crawcrook, Q.D.E.9 and Q.D.B.5 pp. 502-35 -Durham Records Office
1794, Crawcrook open fields, D.XP.38 -Durham Records Office
Dept. Pal. & Dip. Durham, 1795, Crawcrook open fields, Halmote Court addit. maps and plans, 144b
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
519,520
DAY1
01
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
413020
Grid ref figure
8
HEIGHT_OD
30
Map Sheet
NZ16SW
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SW 3
Northing
564620
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Clara Vale
Description
In 1911 a cist burial with skeletal remains and a beaker was found during the ploughing of one of the hills in a field close to Clara Vale Colliery. The cist, orientated east-west, was 3 feet 8 in long x 2 feet 4 in wide at the west end, 1 feet 9 in at the east, and 2 feet 5 in deep. The sides were made of single stone slabs, the floor and top of several pieces. The burial was a contracted inhumation, the remains being of an adult male, with femurs 18 in (45.7 cm) long, and the beaker was found beneath the left arm in the south-east corner of the cist. The vessel, 195 mm high, with a rim diam of 135 mm, was decorated with encircling notched lines in groups of three, divided from one another by notches, herringbone, upright lines of notching, and a trellis pattern. Two plain bands divide the decoration into three zones. The present location of the vessel is obscure, but it may be in the British Museum.
Site Type: Broad
Cist
SITEDESC
In 1911 a cist burial with beaker was found during the ploughing of one of the hills in a field close to Clara Vale Colliery. The coroner reported to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle that the cist was 3 ft 8 in long x 2 ft 4 in wide at the W end, 1 ft 9 in at the E, and 2 ft 5 in deep. The sides were made of single stone slabs, the floor and top of several pieces. It lay E-W, with the skull and beaker in the SE corner. When Trechmann published this find in his "Prehistoric Burials" he added that there was no definite trace of a barrow.
Site Name
Clara Vale, cist burial with beaker
Site Type: Specific
Cist
HER Number
518
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 518 >> J. Graham, 1913,Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 3, V (for 1911-12), pp. 18-19
C.T. Trechmann,1914, Prehistoric Burials in the County of Durham, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, XI, pp. 132-4, and figs. 6-8
Museum of Antiquities, Notebooks of W.A. Cocks- Site 2
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 19 no. 3
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
01
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
412530
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SW
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SW 6
Northing
563170
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Bradley
Description
This possible but unproven barrow was first reported in 1952 in a letter from W.A. Cocks to the Ordnance Survey. It is round, flat-topped, without surrounding bank and ditch, 11.10 m in diameter and 1.50 m high, and has trees on it. It is situated low down in the dene of the Bradley Burn on the west side of the stream.
Site Type: Broad
Barrow
SITEDESC
This possible but unproven barrow was first reported in 1952 in a letter from W.A. Cocks to the O.S. It is round, flat-topped, without surrounding bank and ditch, 11.10 m diam and 1.50 m high, and has trees on it. It is situated low down in the dene of the Bradley Burn on the west side of the stream.
Site Name
Bradley Hall, possible barrow
Site Type: Specific
Round Barrow
SITE_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II
HER Number
517
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
<< HER 517 >> Ordnance Survey archaeological record cards, E.C. Waight, 1959, Possible Bronze Age Tumulus
R. Young, 1980, An Inventory of Barrows in Co. Durham, Transactions Architectectural & Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, p. 10 no. 45
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 19 no. 6
Museum of Antiquities, Notebooks of W.A. Cocks - Site 17
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
515,516
DAY1
03
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
412230
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SW
MONTH1
1
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SW 1
Northing
563330
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Bradley
Description
A barrow was opened at Bradley Hall sometime before 1787 and reported in that year. It was found to contain "a square cavity, composed of stones set on edge, which enclosed the remains and ashes of the interred". Later reports describe a skeleton found within the supposed cist. The burial site is thought to have been built on or otherwise destroyed at a later date, perhaps by the construction of an icehouse in the late 18th century.
SITEASS
Having pointed out the developing nature of the evidence, (and for the details see Additional Information file), it seems best just to treat it at face value.
Site Type: Broad
Barrow
SITEDESC
A barrow "near Bradley Hall" was opened before 1787, the date of publication of Hutchinson's history (1), and found to contain "a square cavity, composed of stones set on edge, which enclosed the remains and ashes of the interred". In 1820 Surtees reported that the cist contained a skeleton(3); in 1856 the O.S. located the Bradley icehouse on the site of the tumulus(5), implying the latter's destruction, which was borne out by Greenwell recording that a large barrow had once existed at Bradley Hall(6). By 1880 the body had become a contracted inhumation(7), and in 1890 an anonymous writer reported that he had been told of the discovery of the cist by "the late Mr. Atkinson, surgeon, of Wylam...".(8)
Site Name
Bradley Hall, barrow.cist/inhumation
Site Type: Specific
Round Barrow
SITE_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II
HER Number
514
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 514 >> W. Hutchinson, History of...Durham, Vol. II, p. 552
R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, Vol. II, p. 264
W. Greenwell, 1877, British Barrows, p. 442
Transactions Architectectural & Archaeological Society of Durham & Northumberland, 1880, Meetings, 1876-1897, Vol. II (for 1869-79), p. lxx
Transactions Architectectural & Archaeological Society of Durham & Northumberland, 1890, A Prae-Historic Cist Burial at Sacriston, Vol. III (for 1880-1889), pp. 183-4
W. Bourn, 1896 History of the Parish of Ryton p. 29
W. Page, ed. 1905, Early Man, Victoria County History, Durham, Vol. I, p. 208
R. Young, 1980, An Inventory of Barrows in Co. Durham, Transactions Architectectural & Archaeological Society of Durham & Northumberland, New series Vol. 5, p. 10 no. 46
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 19 no. 1