English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
113,453,454
DAY1
29
DAY2
01
District
Sunderland
Easting
435260
Grid ref figure
8
HEIGHT_OD
110
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 35 SE 1
Northing
554450
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Sunderland
Description
A number of cremation burials are recorded from Hasting Hill barrow:
[1] A small, oblong cist, of four limestone slabs without a cover-stone, found full of soil on the south side of the mound. It measured 2 feet 1 inch x 1 feet 1 inch, x 1 feet 1 inch deep, and had a base slab of magnesian limestone set on a bed of gravel a few inches above the base of the mound. It contained calcined bones in a cist, mixed with fragments of a food vessel, a decorated pygmy cup and 3 flints (a flint core, a flake, and an implement with secondary chipping, all more or less calcined).
[2] About 12 feet south-east of the centre and about 9 inches under the surface, not far removed from [1] were the scattered remains of a very large cinerary urn which had been filled with calcined bones. The upper part of the vessel was decorated with lines of twisted cord, the bevel with four concentric lines, the neck with intersecting vertical and horizontal lines, and the rim with sloping lines.
[3] About 12 feet south-west of the centre of the mound a deposit of calcined bones occurred, a few inches beneath the surface.
[4] Slightly west of [3] a complete, decorated food vessel in light brown fabric was found, lying on its side about 1 foot beneath the surface of the mound, its mouth to the west. It contained only earth and stones, but was partly blackened inside as though by burning. It was described as a bipartite vase with shoulder groove, 10.2 cm high, 12.7 cm rim diameter, 7.5 cm base diameter.
[5] A limestone cist was found at the base of the barrow, roughly circular in outline, 1 foot 2 in in diameter, and formed of five rough undressed masses of sandstone and magnesian limestone, sunk some inches into the limestone rock, topped by a coverstone. The cist contained a cremation - "calcined bones of an adult individual” - with a fragment of a food vessel and a sheep's tooth.
[6] A cist made from thin slabs of limestone was found near the south-west edge of the barrow. In it was an inverted cinerary urn (‘Food Vessel’) containing a large quantity of calcined bones in very small fragments. The cist appeared to have been constructed around the vessel, which was in coarse ware with prominent grits especially around the rim, but externally smoothed and decorated, measuring 245 mm high, c.240 mm rim diameter and 115-120 base diameter.
[7] A small nearly square box-shaped cist of thin slabs of magnesian limestone occurred very slightly north of the primary grave and very near the surface of the mound. It measured 1 foot 2 inches by 1 foot and had a depth of 1 foot, and was about 6 feet from the centre of the barrow. It contained calcined bones but no other remains.
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
Find I: calcined bones in a cist, mixed with fragments of a food vessel (SMR 454), a pygmy cup (SMR 455) and flints (SMR 456). Trechmann suggested that the two vessels were thrown on the pyre with the body, and some of the fragments were then gathered up with the bones. A secondary burial.
Site Name
Hasting Hill barrow, cremations
Site Type: Specific
Cremation Burial
HER Number
452
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 452 >> C.T. Trechmann,1912, Recent Finds of Pre-historic Remains at Hasting Hill, near Offerton, Antiquities of Sunderland, XIV, p. 2
C.T. Trechmann, 1913, Hasting Hill, Offerton, Co. Durham,Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 3, V (for 1911-12), p. 139
C.T. Trechmann, 1914, Prehistoric Burials in the County of Durham, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, XI, pp. 136, 139
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 68 no. 1.1a
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
113
DAY1
28
DAY2
01
District
Sunderland
Easting
435260
Grid ref figure
8
HEIGHT_OD
110
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 35 SE 1
Northing
554450
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Sunderland
Description
A number of inhumation burials are recorded from Hasting Hill barrow: [1] Before his excavation of the barrow in 1911, Trechmann was informed by the tenant, Mr. Thomas Brown of East Herrington, that on 5 October 1827, "a contracted skeleton had been found there having the hair on its head, and that the finders concluded that a murder had been committed.” It is likely that the supposed hair on the head was probably plant roots, and as the contracted position of the skeleton suggests that it was of prehistoric origin.
[2] The primary burial of the barrow was about 5 feet south-west of the centre of the mound, and had an E-W long axis. It consisted of the contracted skeleton of a man, c. 50 years old, 5 feet 4.5 inches tall, in a cist. With the burial was a beaker, a flint knife, a bone pin, the tip of an antler, some fish, bird and animal bones, and shells. The cist was constructed of a hole cut 2 feet deep into the natural limestone, and lined with slabs of sandstone and magnesian limestone, to provide a grave 3 feet x 1 foot 10 inches, x 1 foot 9 inches deep. The principal coverstone was a triangular slab of sandstone, 3 feet long, 8 inches thick, and roughly dressed at the edges. The pottery beaker was 144 mm high, rim diam 140 mm, decorated with oblique incisions, and with a line of incised upright chevrons around the base. The flint knife was 2 inches in length, made from a flake of grey translucent flint. The bone pin was 2.5 inches long, made from a mammalian bone ground to a point and slightly curved, but without a head.
[3] A large oblong cist internally measuring about 2 feet 9 inches in length and 1 foot 9 inches in breadth was found near the eastern edge of the mound, formed chiefly of slabs of magnesian limestone. Cover-stones had been present, but had been largely removed or destroyed. It contained a crouched inhumation of a man c. 5 feet tall "of considerably advanced age", a decorated Food Vessel in dark red-brown fabric, 15.3 cm high with 12.7 cm rim diameter, and two flints, one behind the skull of the skeleton, the other near its feet.
[4] A skeleton, in a shallow oval grave cut out of the natural limestone, was found at the base of the barrow about 6 feet north of the centre of the mound. The contracted skeleton was that of a woman aged c. 60, and 4 feet 8 inches - 5 feet tall. The grave was 4 feet x 3 feet and only a few inches deep. The body had been surrounded by small limestone boulders, and covered with slabs of limestone and sandstone, a quasi cist. No object was found accompanying this burial.
[5] A cist measuring 2 feet 2 in x 1 feet 2 inches x 1 foot 1 inch deep was found on the north-east edge of the mound sunk a few inches into the natural limestone. It had been constructed of magnesian limestone and its coverstones were in place. In the cist there was the skeleton of a child, and behind its head a decorated food vessel in light brown fabric, 10 cm high, with 10.8 cm rim diameter and 6.4 cm base diameter. Also present were a flint splinter and an ox tooth.
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
Before his excavation of the barrow in 1911, Trechmann was informed by the tenant, Mr. Thomas Brown of East Herrington, that on 5 October 1827, "a contracted skeleton had been found there having the hair on its head, and that the finders concluded that a murder had been committed. The supposed hair on the head was probably some small fibrous roots of plants grown round the skull, and as the skeleton was found in the contracted position it was undoubtedly British".
Site Name
Hasting Hill barrow, inhumations
Site Type: Specific
Inhumation
HER Number
451
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 451 >> C.T. Trechmann, 1914, Prehistoric Burials in the County of Durham, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, XI, pp. 135-6
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 68
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Transport
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
310
DAY1
01
DAY2
26
District
Gateshead and Newcastle
Easting
425200
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SE 34
Northing
563800
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Newcastle
Description
It is generally agreed that the name Pons Aelius applies to the fort of Newcastle, and indicates the existence of a bridge across the Tyne. The location of the Roman bridge remains uncertain, although it is widely believed to be on or in the vicinity of the site of the modern Swing Bridge.
SITEASS
Its location remains a major problem.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
It is generally agreed that the name Pons Aelius applies to the fort of Newcastle, and indicates the existence of a bridge across the Tyne. In 1872, during the construction of the Swing Bridge, J.C. Bruce identified two piers of this Roman bridge directly beneath the medieval and 18th century piers. This identification is now disputed on the grounds that he probably saw just the remains of the medieval bridge and, though the existence of a Roman bridge is accepted, its location remains uncertain. Even the findspots of the altars etc from the river are not precise enough to be used as evidence. The bridge might not be early C2 since Aelius is also the gens of Antoninus and Commodus. It served only a minor road north from near York, with only one fort on it, and no Roman road is known to go north from Newcastle. Bidwell and Holbrook suggest that the bridge may have stood at the original terminus of Hadrian's Wall, before it was extended to Wallsend, explaining why a bridge on a route parallel to and not far east from the main north-south route would have had such an important dedication - no other bridge-name with an imperial epithet is known outside the city of Rome. Probably had foundations of iron-tipped oak piles carrying stone piers and timber superstructure. Dated C2.
Site Name
Tyne Roman bridge
Site Type: Specific
Road Bridge
HER Number
450
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 450 >> J. Horsley, 1732, Britannia Romana, p. 133
H. Bourne, 1736, History of Newcastle, p. 127
J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, Vol. I, pp. 35-38
J.C.Bruce, 1851, The Roman Wall, pp. 130-135
J.C. Bruce, 1885, The Three Bridges over the Tyne at Newcastle, Archaeologia Aeliana, 2, X, pp. 1-11
M.H. Dodds, ed. 1930, The Roman Bridge, Northumberland County History, Vol. XIII, pp. 507-514
C.M. Daniels, 1978, Newcastle upon Tyne (Pons Aelius), Handbook to the Roman Wall, 13th edition, pp. 62-3
D.J. Breeze & B. Dobson, 1987, Hadrian's Wall, p. 73
P.T.Bidwell & N. Holbrook, 1989, Hadrian's Wall Bridges, English Heritage pp. 47, 99-101, 103
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
256,448,449
DAY1
24
DAY2
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
437200
Grid ref figure
6
HEIGHT_OD
160
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
550500
parish
Warden Law
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Warden Law
Description
In 1979 an urned cremation was discovered in the side of a quarry at Warden Law. It had originally been buried in a short cist covered by a mound, or barrow which was probably elliptical in plan, with a longitudinal axis approximately north-south and measuring a minimum of 11 metres long and 1.10 metres high. The cist was formed by six split-sandstone slabs, placed at right angles to each other, making a small, stone box, 300 mm square. The base of the box rested directly on the glacial till. It was completely sealed by a mound of earth to a height of 600 mm, indicating that the cist was not introduced into a pre-existing mound. It is possible that other burials may have been present before quarrying damaged the burial mound. The urn is of an unusual form in a red-brown gritted fabric, fractured but complete, and is 215 mm high, with a rim diameter of 231 mm. The internal rim bevel is decorated with oblique incisions, and the external also with short oblique slashes, below which longer incisions descend almost to the base.
SITEASS
There is probably no more information to be gained from this particular site, and the completion of the landscaping of the dead quarry for leisure purposes must make further discoveries unlikely.
Site Type: Broad
Barrow
SITEDESC
In 1979 an urned cremation was accidentally discovered in the side of a quarry at Warden Law. It had originally been buried in a short cist which had been covered by a mound, half of which had already been quarried away. The rest of the site was subsequently excavated. The barrow had probably been elliptical in plan, with a longitudinal axis approximately N - S. It had been a minimum of 11 m long and 1.10 m high. It had been heaped up over the cist which had been set on the subsoil, possibly cleared of its original topsoil. The mound consisted of two principal deposits, and two old turf-lines.
Site Name
Warden Law North barrow
Site Type: Specific
Barrow
HER Number
447
Form of Evidence
Levelled Earthwork
Sources
<< HER 447 >> Excavation report, W. Ford & R. Miket, 1982, An Urned Cremation from Warden Law, Tyne and Wear, Archaeologia Aeliana, 5, X, pp. 53-59
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 71 no. 5
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Transport
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
76,286
DAY1
24
DAY2
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
434950
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556850
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Hylton
Description
The earliest certain reference seems to be 1322 when the then Baron Hylton granted to his chaplain "the Passage of Bovisferry". The ferry ceased to be the responsibility of the Hylton family in c.1750, and passed to the occupant of Wood House Farm. The ferry finally closed in 1957, but ferry landings can still be seen on both sides of the river.
SITEASS
Ferry landings can be seen on both sides of the river {5}.
Site Type: Broad
Water Transport Site
SITEDESC
The earliest certain reference seems to be 1322 when the then Baron Hylton granted to his chaplain "the Passage of Bovisferry" (in a footnote: the present Hilton ferry - the Ox ferry where heavy cattle could pass), for which the chaplain had to provide a proper boat.(1) Though there is a recent statement that a royal charter of 1199 provided that "whoever farms the riverside land at North Hylton must maintain the ferry" no original source is cited.(2) A legal wrangle went on for most of the first half of the 18th century as to whether the ferry could be rope-hauled or not.(3) It ceased to be the responsibility of the Hylton family in c. 1750, and passed to the occupant of Wood House Farm.(2) The ferry finally closed in 1957. Dated C14th.
Site Name
Hylton, ferry
Site Type: Specific
Ferry Crossing
HER Number
446
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 446 >> R.Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, Vol. II, p. 39
Sunderland Echo, 1957, 3.i.1957
Hylton ferry, C188, 952/131-137 -Tyne and Wear Archive Service
S.T. Miller, 1976, The Trouble with Ferries... Durham County Local History Society, Bulletin 19, July 1976, pp. 18-27
Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
255,443,444
DAY1
22
DAY2
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
437630
Grid ref figure
8
HEIGHT_OD
150
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 35 SE 7
Northing
550240
parish
Warden Law
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Neolithic -4,000 to -2,200
Place
Warden Law
Description
In 1911 Trechmann found two disturbed inhumations which he interpreted as having originally been deposited in the cist (a possible cist lid being found in the mound). One body was aged between 18 and 25, the other was not more than 6 years old. Two flint cores were found next to the bones. In addition, a small hoard of flint implements was found about 3 feet from the edge of the mound, including two leaf-shaped arrowheads, a chipped lance head, knife or 'laurel leaf' spearhead, and three flakes. Other finds included two flint cores in proximity to the bones, quantities of flint flakes and cores scattered through the mound, a fragment of undecorated pottery near the centre of the mound, and several flakes, cores and chippings of flint, together with the cutting edge of a polished greenstone axe on the original ground surface below the barrow.
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
In the course of his excavation of the barrow in 1911 Trechmann found two disturbed inhumations. "The first indication of bones occurred slightly S.E. of the centre of the mound. A second lot of bones was met with immediately south of the centre. All were unburnt and in a very friable condition. They had every appearance of having been disturbed and the stones having been roughly thrown in upon them again". He concluded that "the bones found" had "originally been deposited in the cist", (a possible cist lid being found in the mound), and had been disturbed and roughly redeposited in antiquity. Does this accord with the first lot of bones being found partly in a shallow hole dug in the original surface? There were no secondary interments. Two flint cores were found next to the bones. One body was aged between 18 and 25, the other was not more than 6.
Site Name
Warden Law South barrow, inhumations
Site Type: Specific
Inhumation
HER Number
442
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 442 >> Excavation report, C.T.Trechmann, 1914, Prehistoric Burials in the County of Durham, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, XI, pp. 165-67
R. Young, 1980, An Inventory of Barrows in Co.Durham, Transactions Architectectural & Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, New Series Vol. 5, p. 13 no. 96
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 70, no. 3
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
CONDITION
Good
Crossref
100
DAY1
01
DAY2
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
435340
Grid ref figure
8
HEIGHT_OD
122
Map Sheet
NZ34NE
MATERIAL
Flint
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 34 NE 1
Northing
549220
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
In addition to those found with burials, a number of stone implements have been found on or near the burial mound at Copt Hill. These include a flint knife, two surviving flint scrapers, and 10 pieces of flint and stone presently in the British Museum (8 unbroken flakes and 1 irregular lump of flint).
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
"Unifacial, plano-convex flint knife, exhibiting patches of orange staining and some white cortex-like material on the dorsal face. Finely pressure flaked. 60mm x 20mm x 10mm".(1) "Allover invasive retouch; limited inverse retouch on obverse, burnt".(2) Trechmann does not mention the knife in his report. Miket locates it west of the short cist (SMR 427), with eight upright stones and burnt bones, but does not say where the information comes from.
Site Name
Copt Hill, plano-convex flint knife
Site Type: Specific
Plano Convex Knife
HER Number
439
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 439 >> R. Young, 1985, The Copt Hill, Houghton-le-Spring, Round Cairn: a Reassessment, Archaeologia Aeliana, 5, XIII, pp. 13-14, fig. 4.1
I.A. Kinnes & I.H. Longworth, 1985, Catalogue of the...prehistoric...material, in the Greenwell Collection, 3- British Museum
R. Young , 1987, Lithics and Subsistence in North-Eastern England, British Archaeological Report, 161, pp. 199-200, fig. IV 76 no. 3
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 53 1c
C.T.Trechmann, 1914, Prehistoric Burials in the County of Durham, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, XI, pp. 123-30
SURVIVAL
80-90%
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
100,438
DAY1
01
DAY2
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
435340
Grid ref figure
8
HEIGHT_OD
122
HISTORY_TOPIC
Anglo-Saxon
Map Sheet
NZ34NE
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 34 NE 1
Northing
549220
General Period
EARLY MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Early Medieval 410 to 1066
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
The burial mound at Copt Hill contained, in addition to prehistoric burials, an unburnt body on the summit of the mound laid east-west on its back at full length with the head to the west. It occurred in a cist constructed of stones set on edge, measuring 6 feet in length and 2 feet 3 inches in width, 4.5 feet above the ground level and 3 feet below the surface of the barrow. No implements were found with this interment which was judged to be of Anglo-Saxon and possibly Christian origin.
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
"An unburnt body occurred on the summit of the mound about 10 feet S.S.W. of the centre. It was laid on its back at full length with the hands to the sides, in and E. and W. direction with the head to the W. It occurred in a... cist...4.5 feet above the ground level and 3 feet below the surface of the barrow. No implement occurred with this interment and it was judged to be of Anglo-Saxon and possibly Christian times". A secondary burial in the original mound.
Site Name
Copt Hill, Anglo-Saxon inhumation
Site Type: Specific
Inhumation
HER Number
437
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 437 >> C.T. Trechmann,1914, Prehistoric Burials in the County of Durham, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, XI, pp. 123, 130
R. Young, 1985, The Copt Hill, Houghton-le-Spring, Round Cairn: a Reassessment, Archaeologia Aeliana, 5, XIII, 8
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1988
YEAR2
1996
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
100,427
DAY1
01
DAY2
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
435340
Grid ref figure
8
HEIGHT_OD
122
Map Sheet
NZ34NE
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 34 NE 1
Northing
549220
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
The burial mound at Copt Hill contained at least 5 inhumation burials in 4 locations. One was the body of a child contained in a small cist made of four stones set on edge with a single flag-stone for a cover and another for the bottom. Another was an unburnt body found with another disturbed one, the latter associated with a flint scraper. Others were the body of a man, possibly crouched, laid apparently on the left side, with the head to the west south-west; and an unburnt body found with a food vessel - the latter no longer in existence.
SITEASS
Miket adds upright stones, burnt bones and a plano-convex knife to this entry presumably from Trechmann's plan, since it is not supported by the text.
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
"At a distance of 16.5 feet S.S.W. of the centre was a small cist..." in which had been placed "the body of a child laid probably on its right side, the head having been to the N.N.W.". A secondary burial, usually thought to be BA.
Site Name
Copt Hill, inhumation in cist
Site Type: Specific
Inhumation
HER Number
426
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 426 >> C.T. Trechmann, 1914, Prehistoric Burials in the County of Durham, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, XI, pp. 123, 128, no. 2
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 53 no. 1a, p. 55 no. 2
R. Young, 1985, The Copt Hill, Houghton-le-Spring, Round Cairn: a Reassessment, Archaeologia Aeliana, 5, XIII, pp. 8-9, no. 2
I.A. Kinnes & I.H. Longworth, 1985, Catalogue of the...prehistoric...material, in the Greenwell Collection, burial 2, British Museum
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
100, 425
DAY1
01
DAY2
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
435340
Grid ref figure
8
HEIGHT_OD
122
Map Sheet
NZ34NE
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 34 NE 1
Northing
549220
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
The burial mound at Copt Hill contained at least 4 cremation burials of probable bronze age date. One was a deposit of burnt bones scattered over a space of about 2.5 feet in diameter, with a piece of calcined flint (probably lost). Another was in a cinerary urn probably placed in an inverted position and filled with burnt bones, with some stones set round it. The 'food vessel' cinerary urn was decorated with the impressions of the end of a snapped flint blade, on the internal rim bevel and neck with herringbone, and on the external rim bevel and shoulder groove with single rows of diagonal impressions. Two other burnt bodies have been recorded elsewhere in the mound.
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
"At a place 23 feet S.E. by S. from the centre of the barrow and about 2 feet above the ground level was a deposit of burnt bones rather widely scattered over a space of about 2.5 feet in diameter. Amongst the bones was a piece of calcined flint, probably the remains of a small implement which had been burnt with the body". A secondary burial, usually thought to be BA.
Site Name
Copt Hill, cremations
Site Type: Specific
Cremation Burial
HER Number
424
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 424 >> C.T. Trechmann, 1914, Prehistoric Burials in the County of Durham, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, XI, pp. 123, 128
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 53, no. 1b, p. 55
R. Young, 1985, The Copt Hill, Houghton-le-Spring, Round Cairn: a Reassessment, Archaeologia Aeliana, 5, XIII, pp. 8-9
I.A. Kinnes & I.H. Longworth, 1985, Catalogue of the...prehistoric...material, in the Greenwell Collection, burial 2, British Museum
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996