English, British
Class
Unassigned
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
CONDITION
Destroyed
Crossref
10611
DAY1
15
District
Newcastle
Easting
425038
Grid ref figure
10
LANDUSE
Built Over
MONTH1
08
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564457
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
This series of vaults and tunnels was found during archaeological investigations in 2022 prior to the redevelopment of the site (report 2024/24). They were found following the demolition of the Dex Garage, but were probably associated with the Northumberland Coach and Harness Manufactory (HER10611) which stood on the site previously. The vaults were aligned northeast-southwest and were approximately 5m wide, constructed with parallel sandstone walls, arched brick ceilings and concrete floors. They were connected on the western side by a narrower tunnel running at right angles to them. Further vaulted brick tunnels were found in a trial trench (6) to the southwest.
Site Type: Broad
Building Component
SITEDESC
This series of vaults and tunnels was found during archaeological investigations in 2022 prior to the redevelopment of the site (report 2024/24). They were found following the demolition of the Dex Garage, but were probably associated with the Northumberland Coach and Harness Manufactory (HER10611) which stood on the site previously. The vaults were aligned northeast-southwest and were approximately 5m wide, constructed with parallel sandstone walls, arched brick ceilings and concrete floors. They were connected on the western side by a narrower tunnel running at right angles to them. Further vaulted brick tunnels were found in a trial trench (6) to the southwest.
Site Name
Dex Garage, vaults
Site Type: Specific
Vault
HER Number
19138
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
R Wells, H Woodrow and J Richards 2024 Pilgrim’s Quarter, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: post-excavation assessment. ASDU report 6069
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
David Cockcroft
Crossref
690, 691, 7718
DAY1
12
District
Gateshead
Easting
423968
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
08
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559868
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Farnacres
Description
Old Hall within the Farnacres estate depicted on first edition Ordnance Survey
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Old Hall within the Farnacres estate depicted on first edition Ordnance Survey
Site Name
Farnacres Old Hall
Site Type: Specific
Manor House
HER Number
19137
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey Durham Sheet VI
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
DAY1
11
District
N Tyneside
Easting
428451
Grid ref figure
10
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568240
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Benton
Description
These east-west anti-glider ditches were identified by a geophysical survey (event 4569 report 2016/176) and subsequently investigated by trial trenching (event 5525 report 2024/13, and event 5526 report 2024/14) in advance of a housing development. One ditch survived as an earthwork in the eastern part of the area. The ditches measured between 0.30m and 0.48m in depth and between 1.10m and 2.50m in width. There was no evidence of associated banks.
Site Type: Broad
Defence Obstruction
SITEDESC
These east-west anti-glider ditches were identified by a geophysical survey (event 4569 report 2016/176) and subsequently investigated by trial trenching (event 5525 report 2024/13, and event 5526 report 2024/14) in advance of a housing development. One ditch survived as an earthwork in the eastern part of the area. The ditches measured between 0.30m and 0.48m in depth and between 1.10m and 2.50m in width. There was no evidence of associated banks.
Site Name
East Benton anti glider ditches
Site Type: Specific
Aircraft Obstruction
HER Number
19136
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
W Muncaster and J Scott, 2016, Land at East Benton Farm,
North Tyneside, Archaeological Geophysical Survey and Earthworks Survey; J McKelvey, 2024, Land to the south-east of East Benton Farm (West Benton Phase 3), North Tyneside: Archaeological Evaluation; A Goodfellow, 2024, Land to the south-east of East Benton Farm, North Tyneside: Archaeological Evaluation
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
CONDITION
Destroyed
Crossref
1705
DAY1
01
District
Newcastle
Easting
417737
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564654
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Mid 20th Century 1933 to 1966
Place
Lemington
Description
Stella North Power Station was built in the early 1950s in conjunction with Stella South Power Station (HER1705) and stood opposite to it on the north bank of the Tyne at Newburn. The four cooling towers to the south of the main buildings were 240ft high. Both power stations are shown on the Ordnance Survey 1967 map and were demolished in the 1990s.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Stella North Power Station was built in the early 1950s in conjunction with Stella South Power Station (HER1705) and stood opposite to it on the north bank of the Tyne at Newburn. The four cooling towers to the south of the main buildings were 240ft high. Both power stations are shown on the Ordnance Survey 1967 map and were demolished in the 1990s.
Site Name
Stella North Power Station
Site Type: Specific
Power Station
HER Number
19135
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey 1:10560 map, sheet NZ16SE - A 1967
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
DAY1
07
District
Sunderland
Easting
435692
Grid ref figure
10
HISTORY_TOPIC
Civil War
LANDUSE
Built Over
MONTH1
06
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556147
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Pennywell
Description
During the construction of houses on the Pennywell Estate in March 1950, workers reported finding 'the bones of several bodies'. The Sunderland Antiquarian Society reported the find in their annual report (not yet reviewed for this HER entry). The burials were attributed to a Civil War action and were described in a letter by Joseph G Hayden to the Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette as 'men of medium build and in their late twenties'.
The find was in the local press again in 1954, when the depth of the skeletons was given as 'about 18 inches below the surface' and dated to October 1949. A field nearby was named as 'The Battlefield'.
The find was reviewed by Sunderland Global Media in early 2024, with images attributed to a newspaper article of the time, but this was not referenced and has not been located.
Site Type: Broad
Burial Pit
SITEDESC
During the construction of houses on the Pennywell Estate in March 1950, workers reported finding 'the bones of several bodies'. The Sunderland Antiquarian Society reported the find in their annual report (not yet reviewed for this HER entry). The burials were attributed to a Civil War action and were described in a letter by Joseph G Hayden to the Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette as 'men of medium build and in their late twenties'.
The find was in the local press again in 1954, when the depth of the skeletons was given as 'about 18 inches below the surface' and dated to October 1949. A field nearby was named as 'The Battlefield'.
The find was reviewed by Sunderland Global Media in early 2024, with images attributed to a newspaper article of the time, but this was not referenced and has not been located.
Site Name
Pennywell mass grave
Site Type: Specific
Burial Pit
HER Number
19134
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette - Saturday 25 March 1950; Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette - Friday 14 April 1950; Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette - Wednesday 19 April 1950; Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette - Tuesday 05 January 1954; https://sunderlandglobalmedia.org/when-a-historic-mass-grave-was-uncovered-in-pennywell/
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
Crossref
19132
DAY1
03
District
Newcastle
Easting
422724
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
575806
parish
Dinnington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Brenkley
Description
South Shotton Edge Cottage was listed Grade II in 1987 with the following description:
'House and outbuildings, early C19. Squared roughly-tooled stone with cut dressings; Welsh slate roof. House 2 storeys, 3 bays, symmetrical. Central renewed door in alternating-block surround; renewed 16-pane sash windows with slightly-projecting sills. Gable coping returned on deep footstones; stepped- and-banded end stacks. Contemporary single-storey outbuilding to left shows 2 similar windows and boarded double doors on left. Raised reverse-stepped coping to left gable; stepped-and-banded ridge stack. Set back to far left, pair of privies with boarded doors.
Originally built as stables/outbuildings to Red Lion Inn, with domestic accommodation at 1st floor level only.'
Site Type: Broad
Stable
SITEDESC
South Shotton Edge Cottage was listed Grade II in 1987 with the following description:
'House and outbuildings, early C19. Squared roughly-tooled stone with cut dressings; Welsh slate roof. House 2 storeys, 3 bays, symmetrical. Central renewed door in alternating-block surround; renewed 16-pane sash windows with slightly-projecting sills. Gable coping returned on deep footstones; stepped- and-banded end stacks. Contemporary single-storey outbuilding to left shows 2 similar windows and boarded double doors on left. Raised reverse-stepped coping to left gable; stepped-and-banded ridge stack. Set back to far left, pair of privies with boarded doors.
Originally built as stables/outbuildings to Red Lion Inn, with domestic accommodation at 1st floor level only.'
Site Name
South Shotton Edge Cottage and adjacent outbuildings
Site Type: Specific
Stable
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
19133
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1264152
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
Crossref
19133
DAY1
03
District
Newcastle
Easting
422740
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
575812
parish
Dinnington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Brenkley
Description
South Shotton Edge House was listed Grade II in 1987 with the following description:
'House, early C19. Tooled stone front, other walls roughly-squared stone; tooled-and-margined quoins and dressings; Welsh slate roof. 2 storeys, 3 bays, symmetrical. Central renewed door with overlight; 16-pane sash windows with slightly-projecting sills; all openings in alternating-block surrounds. Gable coping returned on deep footstones; stepped-and-banded end stacks. Similar door and fenestration to rear.
Formerly the Red Lion Inn, on the Great North Road.'
Site Type: Broad
Eating and Drinking Establishment
SITEDESC
South Shotton Edge House was listed Grade II in 1987 with the following description:
'House, early C19. Tooled stone front, other walls roughly-squared stone; tooled-and-margined quoins and dressings; Welsh slate roof. 2 storeys, 3 bays, symmetrical. Central renewed door with overlight; 16-pane sash windows with slightly-projecting sills; all openings in alternating-block surrounds. Gable coping returned on deep footstones; stepped-and-banded end stacks. Similar door and fenestration to rear.
Formerly the Red Lion Inn, on the Great North Road.'
Site Name
South Shotton Edge House
Site Type: Specific
Public House
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
19132
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1237343
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
DAY1
02
District
Sunderland
Easting
429709
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558810
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Iron Age -800 to 43
Place
Usworth
Description
This gully was excavated in advance of a proposed housing development. It had been previously radiocarbon dated to 162 calBC - 5 calAD. An 11.75m length of the gully oriented north-south was excavated, having been truncated by a furrow and later ploughing. It measured 0.70m wide and 0.21m deep and had concave sides and a concave base. It was interpreted as a component of a wider field system associated with a settlement elsewhere, as no associated features had been identified within the development area.
Site Type: Broad
Field System
SITEDESC
This gully was excavated in advance of a proposed housing development. It had been previously radiocarbon dated to 162 calBC - 5 calAD. An 11.75m length of the gully oriented north-south was excavated, having been truncated by a furrow and later ploughing. It measured 0.70m wide and 0.21m deep and had concave sides and a concave base. It was interpreted as a component of a wider field system associated with a settlement elsewhere, as no associated features had been identified within the development area.
Site Name
Stone Cellar Road, gully
Site Type: Specific
Field System
HER Number
19131
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
J McKelvey 2023 Land to the north of Stone Cellar Road, Usworth, Washington; Archaeological Excavation
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
Crossref
8471
DAY1
02
District
Sunderland
Easting
429622
Grid ref figure
10
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558766
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Usworth
Description
This carriageway was excavated in advance of a proposed housing development. It led east from Peareth Hall (Usworth House, HER 8471), built around 1750, through the grounds of the hall towards Great Usworth village. A 20m length of the carriageway was excavated and recorded. It was oriented ENE-WSW and constructed on a foundation of sandstone fragments with a line of kerb stones along each edge. These appeared to have been angled away from the carriageway surface, possibly to encourage water to run off it. The foundation was overlain by a compacted and worn metalled surface, also of sandstone. In places the carriageway had subsided slightly into former furrows. Repaired wheel ruts indicated a distance of 1.35m (4 foot 3 inches) between the carriage wheels.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
This carriageway was excavated in advance of a proposed housing development. It led east from Peareth Hall (Usworth House, HER 8471), built around 1750, through the grounds of the hall towards Great Usworth village. A 20m length of the carriageway was excavated and recorded. It was oriented ENE-WSW and constructed on a foundation of sandstone fragments with a line of kerb stones along each edge. These appeared to have been angled away from the carriageway surface, possibly to encourage water to run off it. The foundation was overlain by a compacted and worn metalled surface, also of sandstone. In places the carriageway had subsided slightly into former furrows. Repaired wheel ruts indicated a distance of 1.35m (4 foot 3 inches) between the carriage wheels.
Site Name
Peareth Hall (Usworth House) carriageway
Site Type: Specific
Carriageway
HER Number
19130
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
J McKelvey 2023 Land to the north of Stone Cellar Road, Usworth, Washington; Archaeological Excavation
YEAR1
2024
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Rachel Grahame
DAY1
25
District
Newcastle
Easting
425691
Grid ref figure
10
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569150
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Longbenton
Description
Heathery Lane Cottages are shown (though not named) as a single block on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map on the northern side of the junction between Heathery Lane and Salter's Lane, within a small enclosure. Later maps show another building to the north (rear) of the cottages, which are shown as two dwellings each with a small garden area, enclosed by a larger area depicted as an orchard.
The cottages are built in randomly coursed sandstone ashlar with finely dressed quoins, window surrounds and cills, and a slate roof. An extension has been added at the western end in uncoursed squared rubble.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Heathery Lane Cottages are shown (though not named) as a single block on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map on the northern side of the junction between Heathery Lane and Salter's Lane, within a small enclosure. Later maps show another building to the north (rear) of the cottages, which are shown as two dwellings each with a small garden area, enclosed by a larger area depicted as an orchard.
The cottages are built in randomly coursed sandstone ashlar with finely dressed quoins, window surrounds and cills, and a slate roof. An extension has been added at the western end in uncoursed squared rubble.
Site Name
Heathery Lane Cottages
Site Type: Specific
House
HER Number
19129
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
First Edition Ordnance Survey map
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2024